An Aboriginal Australian genome reveals separate human dispersals into Asia.
2 UC Berkeley - University of California [Berkeley]
3 BGI - Beijing Genomics Institute [Shenzhen]
4 DTU - Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark
5 Tartu Ülikool = University of Tartu [Estonie]
6 Imperial College School of Medicine [London, United Kingdom]
7 CAM - University of Cambridge [Cambridge, UK]
8 Beijing Institute of Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information
9 Stanford School of Medicine [Stanford]
10 Murdoch University [Perth]
11 UNAM - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico
12 Goldfields Land and Sea Council Aboriginal Corporation [Kalgoorlie, Western Australia]
13 UWA - The University of Western Australia
14 Kitasato University
15 UNIBE - Universität Bern = University of Bern = Université de Berne
16 University of Chicago
17 AMIS - Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse
18 Center for Human and Clinical Genetics
19 Griffith University [Brisbane]
20 Institute for Forensic Genetics [Münster]
21 MPI-EVA - Max-Planck-Institut für evolutionäre Anthropologie = Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
22 UBC - University of British Columbia [Canada]
23 EASS - The Estonian Academy of Security Sciences
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Résumé
We present an Aboriginal Australian genomic sequence obtained from a 100-year-old lock of hair donated by an Aboriginal man from southern Western Australia in the early 20th century. We detect no evidence of European admixture and estimate contamination levels to be below 0.5%. We show that Aboriginal Australians are descendants of an early human dispersal into eastern Asia, possibly 62,000 to 75,000 years ago. This dispersal is separate from the one that gave rise to modern Asians 25,000 to 38,000 years ago. We also find evidence of gene flow between populations of the two dispersal waves prior to the divergence of Native Americans from modern Asian ancestors. Our findings support the hypothesis that present-day Aboriginal Australians descend from the earliest humans to occupy Australia, likely representing one of the oldest continuous populations outside Africa.