<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-02092105</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-04T19:27:20+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Digital Parrhesia as a Counterweight to Astroturfing</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">François</forename>
                <surname>Allard-Huver</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">f69e6c8d1170fccb023c6a4a2f34ef87</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-lorraine.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">francois-allard-huver</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">171792</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">38719-171792</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2747-839X</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/188426639</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-542208"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-542256"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-300844"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Nicholas</forename>
                <surname>Gilewicz</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">1560262-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-115889"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>François</forename>
                <surname>Allard-Huver</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">f1df30d6ee249e18508ad96f4cfc5f51</email>
              <email type="domain">uco.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2019-04-07 15:31:35</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2026-02-06 12:06:02</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2019-04-17 10:07:14</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2013</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2019-04-07</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-02092105v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2019-04-07"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-02092105v1/file/Astroturfing%20final%20-%20Allard%20and%20Gilewicz.pdf" id="file-2092105-2091240">
                <date notBefore="2019-04-07"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02092105/file/Astroturfing%20final%20-%20Allard%20and%20Gilewicz.pdf"/>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="553797">
                <persName>
                  <forename>François</forename>
                  <surname>Allard-Huver</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">f1df30d6ee249e18508ad96f4cfc5f51</email>
                <email type="domain">uco.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-02092105</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-02092105</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">allardhuver:hal-02092105</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Online Credibility and Digital Ethos: Evaluating Computer-Mediated Communication&lt;/i&gt;, IGI Global, pp.215-227, 2013, &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2663-8.ch012"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.4018/978-1-4666-2663-8.ch012&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Online Credibility and Digital Ethos: Evaluating Computer-Mediated Communication, IGI Global, pp.215-227, 2013, &amp;#x27E8;10.4018/978-1-4666-2663-8.ch012&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-2092105-2091240"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SHS">Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNAM">l'unam - université nantes angers le mans</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-INF-2018" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">SORBONNE université &lt;2018</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-LETTRES" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Faculté des Lettres de Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-SHS" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">SHS - Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GRIPIC" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les processus d'information et de communication</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-TI">Sorbonne Université - Texte Intégral</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UCO">Université Catholique de l'Ouest</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ALLIANCE-SU"> Alliance Sorbonne Université</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Digital Parrhesia as a Counterweight to Astroturfing</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">François</forename>
                    <surname>Allard-Huver</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">f69e6c8d1170fccb023c6a4a2f34ef87</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-lorraine.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">francois-allard-huver</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">171792</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">38719-171792</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2747-839X</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/188426639</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-542208"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-542256"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-300844"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Nicholas</forename>
                    <surname>Gilewicz</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">1560262-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-115889"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <title level="m">Online Credibility and Digital Ethos: Evaluating Computer-Mediated Communication</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>IGI Global</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">215-227</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2013</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.4018/978-1-4666-2663-8.ch012</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">Astroturfing; parrhesia; digital communication; Michel Foucault; techno-semiotic</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="shs.info">Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="COUV">Book sections</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="COUV">Book sections</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="COUV">Book sections</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>Astroturfing-fake grassroots communications about an issue of public interest-is further problematized in digital space. Because digitally mediated communications easily accommodate pseudonymous and anonymous speech, digital ethos depends on a finding a proper balance between the ability to create pseudonymous or anonymous online presences, and the public need for transparency in public speech. Analyzing such content requires analysis of media forms and analysis of the honesty of speakers themselves. This chapter applies Michel Foucault's articulation of parrhesia-the ability to speak freely and the concomitant public duties it requires of speakers-to digital communications. It first theorizes digital parrhesia, then outlines a techno-semiotic methodological approach with which researchers-and the public-can consider online advocacy speech. The chapter then analyzes two very different instances of astroturfing using the techno-semiotic method in order to demonstrate the generalizability of the theory of digital parresia, and the utility of the techno-semiotic approach.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-542208" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">149609019</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">199213482U</idno>
          <orgName>Groupe de recherches interdisciplinaires sur les processus d’information et de communication</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">GRIPIC</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>CELSA - 77, rue de Villiers - 92522 Neuilly- sur-Seine Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.gripic.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="EA1498 / UR_1498" active="#struct-413221" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regrouplaboratory" xml:id="struct-542256" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Sorbonne Université - Faculté des Lettres - École des hautes études en sciences de l'information et de la communication (CELSA)</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">SU CELSA</orgName>
          <date type="start">1985-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>77, rue de Villiers - 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.celsa.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-413221" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300844" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026565919</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 1940 3502</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04yrqp957</idno>
          <orgName>Université Catholique de l'Ouest</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UCO</orgName>
          <date type="start">1875-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Université catholique de l'Ouest3 place André LeroyBP 1080849008 ANGERS Cedex 1</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.uco.fr/fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-115889" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/00b30xv10</idno>
          <orgName>University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>3451 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 | 215-898-5000</addrLine>
              <country key="US"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.upenn.edu/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-413221" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">221333754</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02en5vm52</idno>
          <orgName>Sorbonne Université</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">SU</orgName>
          <date type="start">2018-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>21 rue de l’École de médecine - 75006 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.sorbonne-universite.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>