<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-02090392</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-02T21:02:43+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Giant worms chez moi! Hammerhead flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae, Bipalium spp., Diversibipalium spp.) in metropolitan France and overseas French territories</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Jean-Lou</forename>
                <surname>Justine</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">07c3151a43e068fc8524216ffee356e1</email>
              <email type="domain">mnhn.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">jean-lou-justine</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">5452</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">14405-5452</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7155-4540</idno>
              <idno type="VIAF">https://viaf.org/viaf/93466164</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/034359095</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-542193"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Leigh</forename>
                <surname>Winsor</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">777049</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1000600-777049</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6679-470X</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-303225"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Delphine</forename>
                <surname>Gey</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">458305f98a3b550bb1d87b8baacd02fa</email>
              <email type="domain">mnhn.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1095610</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">793566-1095610</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5656-1793</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-55374"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Pierre</forename>
                <surname>Gros</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">667470-0</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Jessica</forename>
                <surname>Thévenot</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">4cdb67403bbbb4f6298a6f59831763e8</email>
              <email type="domain">mnhn.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">jessica-thevenot</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1055497</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1000607-1055497</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8077-4879</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-570422"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Jean-Lou</forename>
                <surname>Justine</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">07c3151a43e068fc8524216ffee356e1</email>
              <email type="domain">mnhn.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2020-04-28 10:56:53</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-07-02 03:32:56</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2020-04-29 10:00:34</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2018-05-22</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2020-04-28</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-02090392v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2020-04-28"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="greenPublisher" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-02090392v1/file/peerj-4672.pdf" id="file-2556599-2424302">
                <date notBefore="2020-04-28"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="https://peerj.com/articles/4672.pdf"/>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="144544">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Jean-Lou</forename>
                  <surname>Justine</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">07c3151a43e068fc8524216ffee356e1</email>
                <email type="domain">mnhn.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-02090392</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-02090392</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">justine:hal-02090392</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;PeerJ&lt;/i&gt;, 2018, 6, pp.e4672. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4672"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.7717/peerj.4672&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">PeerJ, 2018, 6, pp.e4672. &amp;#x27E8;10.7717/peerj.4672&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0 - Attribution<ref corresp="#file-2556599-2424302"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="MNHN">Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="EPHE">École Pratique des Hautes Études</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-AG">Université des Antilles</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GIP-BE">GIP Bretagne Environnement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ISYEB" corresp="MNHN">Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="PSL">Université Paris sciences et lettres</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SORBONNE-UNIV" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Sorbonne Université 01/01/2018</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-SCIENCES" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Faculté des Sciences de Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TEST-DEV">TEST-DEV</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TEST-HALCNRS">Collection test HAL CNRS</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="EPHE-PSL" corresp="PSL">École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-TI">Sorbonne Université - Texte Intégral</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ALLIANCE-SU"> Alliance Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TEST3-HALCNRS">TEST3-HALCNRS</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TEST4-HALCNRS">collection test</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="PATRINAT" corresp="MNHN">Patrimoine naturel</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SUPRA_SCIENCES_NATURELLES">MNHN</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Giant worms chez moi! Hammerhead flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae, Bipalium spp., Diversibipalium spp.) in metropolitan France and overseas French territories</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Jean-Lou</forename>
                    <surname>Justine</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">07c3151a43e068fc8524216ffee356e1</email>
                  <email type="domain">mnhn.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">jean-lou-justine</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">5452</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">14405-5452</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7155-4540</idno>
                  <idno type="VIAF">https://viaf.org/viaf/93466164</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/034359095</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-542193"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Leigh</forename>
                    <surname>Winsor</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">777049</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1000600-777049</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6679-470X</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-303225"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Delphine</forename>
                    <surname>Gey</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">458305f98a3b550bb1d87b8baacd02fa</email>
                  <email type="domain">mnhn.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1095610</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">793566-1095610</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5656-1793</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-55374"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Pierre</forename>
                    <surname>Gros</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">667470-0</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Jessica</forename>
                    <surname>Thévenot</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">4cdb67403bbbb4f6298a6f59831763e8</email>
                  <email type="domain">mnhn.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">jessica-thevenot</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1055497</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1000607-1055497</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8077-4879</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-570422"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">104712</idno>
                <idno type="issn">2167-8359</idno>
                <title level="j">PeerJ</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>PeerJ</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">6</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">e4672</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2018-05-22</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.7717/peerj.4672</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">Land planarian</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">France</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Barcoding</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Platyhelminthes</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Overseas French territories</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Citizen science</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Invasive alien species</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv.ba.zi">Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv.bid.spt">Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>Background: Species of the genera Bipalium and Diversibipalium, or bipaliines, are giants among land planarians (family Geoplanidae), reaching length of 1 m; they are also easily distinguished from other land flatworms by the characteristic hammer shape of their head. Bipaliines, which have their origin in warm parts of Asia, are invasive species, now widespread worldwide. However, the scientific literature is very scarce about the widespread repartition of these species, and their invasion in European countries has not been studied.Methods: In this paper, on the basis of a four year survey based on citizen science, which yielded observations from 1999 to 2017 and a total of 111 records, we provide information about the five species present in Metropolitan France and French overseas territories. We also investigated the molecular variability of cytochrome-oxidase 1 (COI) sequences of specimens.Results: Three species are reported from Metropolitan France: Bipalium kewense, Diversibipalium multilineatum, and an unnamed Diversibipalium ‘black’ species. We also report the presence of B. kewense from overseas territories, such as French Polynesia (Oceania), French Guiana (South America), the Caribbean French islands of Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy, and Montserrat (Central America), and La Réunion island (off South-East Africa). For B. vagum, observations include French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin, Montserrat, La Réunion, and Florida (USA). A probable new species, Diversibipalium sp. ‘blue,’ is reported from Mayotte Island (off South–East Africa). B. kewense, B. vagum and D. multilineatum each showed 0% variability in their COI sequences, whatever their origin, suggesting that the specimens are clonal, and that sexual reproduction is probably absent. COI barcoding was efficient in identifying species, with differences over 10% between species; this suggests that barcoding can be used in the future for identifying these invasive species. In Metropolitan south–west France, a small area located in the Department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques was found to be a hot-spot of bipaliine biodiversity and abundance for more than 20 years, probably because of the local mild weather.Discussion: The present findings strongly suggest that the species present in Metropolitan France and overseas territories should be considered invasive alien species. Our numerous records in the open in Metropolitan France raise questions: as scientists, we were amazed that these long and brightly coloured worms could escape the attention of scientists and authorities in a European developed country for such a long time; improved awareness about land planarians is certainly necessary.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-542193" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">191205702</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000403707618</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200511872M</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01dadvw90</idno>
          <orgName>Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ISYEB</orgName>
          <date type="start">2017-10-09</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>57 rue Cuvier - CP 50 - 75005 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://isyeb.mnhn.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-7512" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-110691" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-564132" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-413221" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7205" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-524399" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-303225" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04gsp2c11</idno>
          <orgName>James Cook University</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">JCU</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="AU"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.jcu.edu.au/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-55374" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Service de Systématique Moléculaire</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">SSM</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - 43 rue Cuvier - 75005 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-7512" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="IFR101" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-570422" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">227219104</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">201722420A</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/037eda396</idno>
          <orgName>Patrimoine naturel</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">PatriNat</orgName>
          <date type="start">2017-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2019-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle - 36 rue Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire - 75005 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.patrinat.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UMS 2006" active="#struct-7512" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMS2006" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-545534" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-7512" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026394944</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03wkt5x30</idno>
          <orgName>Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">MNHN</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>57, rue Cuvier - 75231 Paris Cedex 05</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.mnhn.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-110691" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026375478</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121955365</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/046b3cj80</idno>
          <orgName>École Pratique des Hautes Études</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">EPHE</orgName>
          <date type="start">1868-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>4-14 Rue Ferrus, 75014 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ephe.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-564132" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-564132" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">241597595</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0004 1784 3645</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/013cjyk83</idno>
          <orgName>Université Paris Sciences et Lettres</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">PSL</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>60 rue Mazarine 75006 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.psl.eu/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-413221" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">221333754</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02en5vm52</idno>
          <orgName>Sorbonne Université</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">SU</orgName>
          <date type="start">2018-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>21 rue de l’École de médecine - 75006 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.sorbonne-universite.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-524399" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">187841578</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02ryfmr77</idno>
          <orgName>Université des Antilles</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UA</orgName>
          <date type="start">2015-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Université des Antilles | Fouillole - BP 250 - 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-antilles.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-545534" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Agence Française pour la Biodiversité</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">AFB</orgName>
          <date type="start">2017-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2019-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>"Le Nadar" Hall C - 5 square Félix Nadar - 94300 Vincennes</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>