The anti-bacterial iron-restriction defence mechanisms of egg white; the potential role of three lipocalin-like proteins in resistance against Salmonella
Résumé
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) is the most frequently-detected Salmonella in foodborne outbreaks in the European Union. Among such outbreaks, egg and egg products were identified
as the most common vehicles of infection. Possibly, the major antibacterial property of egg white is iron
restriction, which results from the presence of the ironbinding protein, ovotransferrin. To circumvent iron
restriction, SE synthesise catecholate siderophores (i.e. enterobactin and salmochelin) that can chelate
iron from host iron-binding proteins. Here, we highlight the role of lipocalin-like proteins found in egg
white that could enhance egg-white iron restriction through sequestration of certain siderophores, including
enterobactin. Indeed, it is now apparent that the egg-white lipocalin, Ex-FABP, can inhibit bacterial
growth via its siderophore-binding capacity in vitro. However, it remains unclear whether Ex-FABP performs
such a function in egg white or during bird infection. Regarding the two other lipocalins of egg
white (Cal-c and a-1-glycoprotein), there is currently no evidence to indicate that they sequester
siderophores.
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