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                <title xml:lang="fr">Faire un tri dans le monde des applis</title>
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              <p>The smartphone applications intended to inform and alert the population in case of major risks might strongly reduce the communication time between the decision centers and users located in a potentially damaging environment. However, there are many applications in France, and this lies in a competitive process between the providers and a confusion among future users. Thus, is it possible to reduce such an offer, and if we want to keep only the best solutions (i.e. that have the highest alert and information potential), on which criteria can we classify them? In order to answer to these objectives, this study proposes an evaluation protocol based on various indicators, which take into account the capacity of the applications to send a targeted alert, their attractiveness, the ability of individuals to emit information and number of hazards considered. Results obtained on 50 applications deployed in France show that most of them do no achieve the objectives of the alert, in the sense defined by civil security, due to a single-hazard approach, a unique sense of communication, and a low participation of the smartphone users. The best appli are not also those than have been applied at local scales.</p>
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              <p>Il existe en France différentes applications smartphone qui prétendent informer ou alerter la population en cas de survenue d’un risque majeur, imminent ou en cours. Ces solutions, logicielles et matérielles, offriraient l’avantage de réduire le délai de communication entre les centres de décision et les personnes qui se situent dans un environnement en instance de subir des dégâts. Or, leur nombre grandissant entraîne une logique concurrentielle entre les prestataires, et surtout une certaine « illisibilité » de l’offre. Aussi, est-on capable de faire un tri entre toutes les applis et si oui, sur quels critères peut-on les classer et les hiérarchiser ? Pour répondre à ces deux questions, cette étude propose un protocole d’évaluation multicritères, qui combinent à la fois la capacité des applications à envoyer une alerte ciblée, leur attractivité, la capacité des individus à émettre de l’information et le nombre d’aléas considérés. Les résultats obtenus sur 50 applications montrent que peu d’entre elles répondent vraiment aux objectifs attendus de l’alerte, au sens défini par la sécurité civile en France, à cause d’une approche mono-aléa, un sens unique de communication, et une faible implication des usagers potentiels. Les applis les mieux notées ne sont pas non plus celles qui sont adaptées aux contextes locaux.</p>
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