Effects of High- Versus Moderate-Intensity Training on Neuroplasticity and Functional Recovery After Focal Ischemia - Archive ouverte HAL Accéder directement au contenu
Article Dans Une Revue Stroke Année : 2017

Effects of High- Versus Moderate-Intensity Training on Neuroplasticity and Functional Recovery After Focal Ischemia

Résumé

I schemic stroke remains the leading cause of long-term physical disorders. Poststroke hemiparesis frequently leads to physical deconditioning that strongly reduces the quality of life and represents an important burden on the family and society. Growing evidence from animal and human experiments indicated that aerobic training induced beneficial effects at the cardiovascular, muscular, cerebral, and functional levels after cerebral ischemia. 1,2 Moderate-intensity aerobic training (MOD; for recommendations see Marsden et al 1) is advised after stroke to improve the locomotor abilities, the peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak), and the maximal running speed (S max), which are strong indicators of quality of life. Early treadmill training in rodents could also promote functional recovery and cerebral plasticity by upregulating the neurotrophin levels, enhancing synaptogenesis, and limiting microglia-mediated proinflammatory cytokine release in the perilesional zones. 3,4 However, beneficial effects of MOD on functional recovery, aerobic fitness, and quality of life remain frequently insufficient and controversial. 1,5 It is, thus, crucial to reconsider the current guidelines for exercise by defining a safe/effective dosage of training. 5 In this regard, authors recently showed that higher training intensities appeared promising for stroke patients. 6 Indeed, high-intensity interval training (HIT), known to be feasible and safe in moderate stroke patients, 7 could improve VO 2peak , running economy, and functional recovery, but it remains controversial. 6,7 No clear evidence indicated whether the HIT effectiveness is more efficient on aerobic fitness and neuroplasticity than MOD. 6,8 Given that HIT is a time-efficient strategy, we postulated that it might accentuate functional recovery in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia compared with MOD. In light of these considerations, the present study was designed to compare the effects of work-matched HIT and MOD programs on functional outcomes and cerebral plasticity during the first 2 weeks after cerebral ischemia in rats. One of the key points of the endurance protocols relies on determining for each animal the training intensity from an underestimated Background and Purpose-This study was designed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIT) and moderate-intensity aerobic training (MOD) on functional recovery and cerebral plasticity during the first 2 weeks after cerebral ischemia. Methods-Rats were randomized as follows: control (n=15), SHAM (n=9), middle cerebral artery occlusion (n=13), middle cerebral artery occlusion at day 1 (n=7), MOD (n=13), and HIT (n=13). Incremental tests were performed at day 1 (D1) and 14 (D14) to identify the running speed associated with the lactate threshold (S LT) and the maximal speed (S max). Functional tests were performed at D1, D7, and D14. Microglia form, cytokines, p75 NTR (pan-neurotrophin receptor p75), potassium-chloride cotransporter type 2, and sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter type 1 expression were made at D15. Results-HIT was more effective to improve the endurance performance than MOD and induced a fast recovery of the impaired forelimb grip force. The ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1)-positive cells with amoeboid form and the pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression were lower in HIT group, mainly in the ipsilesional hemisphere. A p75 NTR overexpression is observed on the ipsilesional side together with a restored sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter type 1/potassium-chloride cotransporter type 2 ratio on the contralesional side. Conclusions-Low-volume HIT based on lactate threshold seems to be more effective after cerebral ischemia than work-matched MOD to improve aerobic fitness and grip strength and might promote cerebral plasticity. Visual Overview-An online visual overview is available for this article. (Stroke. 2017;48:00-00.
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hal-01961892 , version 1 (20-12-2018)

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  • HAL Id : hal-01961892 , version 1

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Christophe Pellegrino, Jérôme Laurin. Effects of High- Versus Moderate-Intensity Training on Neuroplasticity and Functional Recovery After Focal Ischemia. Stroke, 2017. ⟨hal-01961892⟩

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