Analysis of the multiferroicity in the hexagonal manganite YMnO 3
Abstract
We performed magnetic and ferroelectric measurements, associated with Landau theory and symmetry analysis, in order to clarify the situation of the YMnO3 system, a classical example of type I multiferroics. We found that the only magnetic group compatible with all experimental data (neutron scattering, magnetization, polarization, dielectric constant, second harmonic generation) is the $P{6}_{3}^{\prime}$ group. In this group a small ferromagnetic component along c is induced by the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, and observed here in magnetization measurements. We found that the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic components can only be switched simultaneously, while the magnetic orders are functions of the polarization square and therefore insensitive to its sign.