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                <term xml:lang="en">zoonosis</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">black rat</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">population dynamics</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">ship rat</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">dynamique de population</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Rattus rattus</term>
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              <p>Rattus rattus is the main reservoir of numerous zoonotic pathogens in West Africa. Assessing the risk of human exposure to these pathogens requires understanding of the population dynamics of Rattus rattus. For this purpose, a compartmental model describing the evolution of the population in three sequential stages (juvenile, subadult and adult) was developed. The model parameters were estimated using data from three capture sessions performed within three districts of Cotonou, the economic capital of Benin. The simulation results show that Rattus rattus population oscillates over time because of the birth rhythmicity. These oscillations are important in the context of an epidemiological survey as they can affect the observed prevalences of leptospirosis in Rattus rattus populations.</p>
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              <p>Rattus rattus est le réservoir de nombreux agents pathogènes zoonotiques en Afrique de l'Ouest. Evaluer le risque d'exposition de l'Homme à ces agents pathogènes nécessite, au préalable, de comprendre la dynamique de population de Rattus rattus. A cette fin, un modèle à compartiments décrivant l'évolution de la population en trois stades consécutifs : juvénile, subadulte et adulte, a été développé. Les paramètres du modèle ont été estimés à partir de données issues de trois sessions de capture menées dans trois quartiers de Cotonou, capitale économique du Bénin. Les résultats des simulations montrent que les populations de Rattus rattus oscillent au cours du temps, du fait de la rythmicité des mises bas. Ces oscillations revêtent une importance particulière dans le cadre d'une surveillance épidémiologique car elles peuvent influer sur les prévalences de la leptospirose observées chez Rattus rattus.</p>
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