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                <term xml:lang="en">hardwood</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">lumber</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">wood</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">elastic properties</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">resonance</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Acoustic</term>
                <term xml:lang="pt">Acústica</term>
                <term xml:lang="pt">ressonância</term>
                <term xml:lang="pt">propriedades elásticas</term>
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              <p>The main objective of Eucalyptus breeding programs for the pulp and paper industry is to produce varieties of trees with high levels of cellulose with the least possible amount of lignin. However, trees with these characteristics can be a major problem in the field, because of their fragility that makes them susceptible to breaking. The aim of this study was to investigate the clonal and environmental variation of the growth, wood density, and dynamic properties on large pieces of Eucalyptus wood by means of resonance technique. Here, we demonstrated that no other non-destructive technique is able to characterize the mechanical properties of wood so simply and rapidly at such low cost. The resonance technique provided a large, accurate data set of the key mechanical traits (such as the Young, the shear modulus and the loss tangent) of the wood even in lumber containing knots, small cracks and also slightly damaged areas. There were significant differences between clones and sites for height and circumference, and density of the trees. Using the dynamic elastic estimates, significant differences were detected between clones for all traits; however, no significant differences between sites were detected for dynamic modulus of elasticity. There were significant, classifications, or preliminary selections in breeding programs of Eucalyptus.</p>
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              <p>O objetivo principal dos programas de melhoramento genético de Eucalyptus para a indústria de celulose e papel é produzir variedades de árvores com níveis elevados de celulose e com a menor quantidade de lignina possível. No entanto, as árvores com estas características podem ser um grande problema em campo, devido à sua fragilidade que as torna suscetíveis à quebra. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de investigar a variação do crescimento, da densidade da madeira e das propriedades dinâmicas por meio da técnica de ressonância em vigas de Eucalyptus em função dos clones e do ambiente. Os resultados mostram que nenhuma outra técnica não-destrutiva é capaz de caracterizar as propriedades mecânicas da madeira de forma tão simples, rápida e a baixo custo. A técnica de ressonância é capaz de estimar características mecânicas (como o módulo de elasticidade e de cisalhamento e o amortecimento interno) em grandes amostragens de madeira, mesmo com presença de nós, pequenas fissuras e também com áreas ligeiramente danificadas. Houve diferenças significativas entre os clones e os sítios para altura, circunferência e densidade da madeira das árvores. A partir das estimativas dinâmico-elásticas, foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre os clones para todas as características, no entanto, não houve diferenças significativas entre os sítios, para o módulo de elasticidade dinâmico. Houve efeito significativo da interação clone x site para a circunferência, altura, densidade e módulo de cisalhamento. Estes resultados podem ser úteis para a classificação ou a seleção preliminares em programas de melhoramento de Eucalyptus.</p>
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