Argument-based decision making has been employed to support a variety of reasoning tasks over medical knowledge. These include evidence-based justifications of the effects of treatments, the detection of conflicts in the knowledge base, and the enabling of uncertain and defeasible reasoning in the health-care sector. However, a common limitation of these approaches is that they rely on structured input information. Recent advances in argument mining have shown increasingly accurate results in detecting argument components and predicting their relations from unstructured, natural language texts. In this study, we discuss evidence and claim detection from Randomized Clinical Trials. To this end, we create a new annotated dataset about four different diseases (glaucoma, diabetes, hepatitis B, and hypertension), containing 976 argument components (697 containing evidence, 279 claims). Empirical results are promising, and show the portability of the proposed approach over different branches of medicine.