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                <title level="m">Grassland Science in Europe</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">dairy cows</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">food strategy</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Feeding system</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Adaptive strategies</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Reproduction</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">adaptation</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">production de lait</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">reproduction animale</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">sélection génétique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">stratégie alimentaire</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">vache laitière</term>
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              <p>This study aimed to explore adaptive trajectories of dairy and dual purpose breeds in contrastinggrazing-based feeding systems (FS). About 500 lactations were recorded at the INRA farm of Le Pinau-Haras, equally distributed among breeds (Holstein: HO or Normande: NO) and FS (High or Low).It was possible to study the different steps of the reproductive process by combining milk progesteroneinformation (three times a week) with intensive oestrous behaviour recording and pregnancy diagnosis(ultrasonography). Holstein produced more milk (+2294 kg in the High FS, +1280 kg in the Low FS)and lost more body condition than NO. Cows in the Low FS produced less and lost more body conditionthan in the High FS. NO resumed ovarian activity earlier (-5 d) and showed a higher proportion ofnormal cyclicity patterns (+22%) than HO. There was no difference in ovulation detection rates betweenbreeds or FS. The NO had a higher re-calving rate than HO (+19%). Feeding system was not associatedwith cyclicity and re-calving rate. By limiting their milk yield, NO did not experience a severe negativeenergy balance, unlike HO. This resulted in better reproductive performance for NO, suggestive ofgreater suitability to a compact calving system.</p>
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