A global analysis of terrestrial plant litter dynamics in non-perennial waterways
2 BOREA - Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques
3 LECA - Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine
4 UPV / EHU - Universidad del País Vasco [Espainia] / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [España] = University of the Basque Country [Spain] = Université du pays basque [Espagne]
5 IGB - Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries
6 Freie Universität Berlin = Free University of Berlin
7 CARRTEL - Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques
8 TUB - Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin
9 UGR - Universidad de Granada = University of Granada
10 Nottingham Trent University
11 UFSJ - Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei
12 INIBIOMA-CONICET - Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente [Bariloche]
13 SoGE - School of Geography and the Environment [Oxford]
14 OU - University of Oklahoma
15 BGU - Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
16 URAFPA - Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux
17 UdeC - Universidad de Concepción = University of Concepción [Chile]
18 UC - University of California
19 ECU - Edith Cowan University
20 Universidad de Antioquia = University of Antioquia [Medellín, Colombia]
21 DSITI - Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation [Queensland]
22 USD - University of San Diego
23 University of Arizona
24 UAB - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona = Autonomous University of Barcelona = Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
25 La Trobe University [Melbourne]
26 SUPSI - Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana = University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland [Manno]
27 Australian Rivers Institute
28 UPNA - Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra
29 Centre for Functional ecology
30 LIEC - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux
31 UVA-CE - Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú
32 IRSA - CNR Water Research Institute
33 UMSS - Universidad Mayor de San Simón [Cochabamba, Bolivie]
34 Universidad de Murcia = University of Murcia
35 University of Canberra
36 UPR HORTSYS - Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles
37 University of Canterbury [Christchurch]
38 DEPT EFPA - Département Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques
39 Ruppin Academic Center
40 Department of Biosciences [Mangalore]
41 Umeå University = Umeå Universitet
42 MARE UC - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre
43 SBiK-F - Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre
44 QMUL - Queen Mary University of London
45 Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife
46 UNIPR - Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma
47 EAWAG - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf]
48 Julius Kuehn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Braunschweig, Germany
49 WWU - Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster = Université de Münster [Münster, Allemagne]
50 University of Zagreb
51 Albany Museum
52 Universidade de Évora = University of Évora [Portugal]
53 USFX - Universidad Mayor Real y Pontificia San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca = Royal, Pontifical University San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca
54 Missouri S&T - Missouri University of Science and Technology
55 Terra Cypria - Cyprus Conservation Foundation
56 Universidade de Vigo
57 MU / MUNI - Masaryk University [Brno] = Masarykova univerzita [Brno] = Université Masaryk [Brno]
58 UCG - University of Montenegro
59 University of Niš
60 NIWA - National Institute of Water and Atmosphere [Hamilton]
61 Université Aboubekr Belkaid de Tlemcen = University of Belkaïd Abou Bekr [Tlemcen]
62 Israel Nature and Parks Authority
63 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg]
64 TropWATER - Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research
65 Aarhus University [Aarhus]
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Résumé
Perennial rivers and streams make a disproportionate contribution to global carbon (C) cycling. However, the contribution of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES), which sometimes cease to flow and can dry completely, is largely ignored although they represent over half the global river network. Substantial amounts of terrestrial plant litter (TPL) accumulate in dry riverbeds and, upon rewetting, this material can undergo rapid microbial processing. We present the results of a global research collaboration that collected and analysed TPL from 212 dry riverbeds across major environmental gradients and climate zones. We assessed litter decomposability by quantifying the litter carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and oxygen (O2) consumption in standardized assays and estimated the potential short-term CO2 emissions during rewetting events. Aridity, cover of riparian vegetation, channel width and dry-phase duration explained most variability in the quantity and decomposability of plant litter in IRES. Our estimates indicate that a single pulse of CO2 emission upon litter rewetting contributes up to 10% of the daily CO2 emission from perennial rivers and stream, particularly in temperate climates. This indicates that the contributions of IRES should be included in global C-cycling assessments.
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