<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-01796061</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-18T17:06:12+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Contradiction in Reviews: is it Strong or Low?</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Ismail</forename>
                <surname>Badache</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">b9acfed1d9f8ec456a9c62b0201126c7</email>
              <email type="domain">lis-lab.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">ismail-badache</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">22111</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">24281-22111</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/197813380</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1868-1185</idno>
              <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=zTMmS_YAAAAJ&amp;hl=fr</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-551212"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Sébastien</forename>
                <surname>Fournier</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">7ff5383ca6c43eea2e9ef2911d16f959</email>
              <email type="domain">lis-lab.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">sebastien-fournier</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">170902</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">40979-170902</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1611-0744</idno>
              <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=3mY8NnkAAAAJ&amp;hl=fr</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/095597050</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-551212"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Adrian-Gabriel</forename>
                <surname>Chifu</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">8f336dd2ec5e10aecc8b196d6bd4a82e</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-amu.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">adrianchifu</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">19500</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">24568-19500</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/189872373</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4680-5528</idno>
              <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=RRFCP50AAAAJ</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-551212"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Ismail</forename>
                <surname>Badache</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">b9acfed1d9f8ec456a9c62b0201126c7</email>
              <email type="domain">lis-lab.fr</email>
            </editor>
            <funder ref="#projanr-42476"/>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2018-05-19 01:31:59</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-02-17 13:53:54</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2018-05-28 16:52:27</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2018-03-26</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2018-05-19</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-01796061v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2018-05-19"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-01796061v1/file/2018_ECIR_W_BADACHE.pdf" id="file-1796061-1822312">
                <date notBefore="2018-05-19"/>
              </ref>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="404279">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Ismail</forename>
                  <surname>Badache</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">b9acfed1d9f8ec456a9c62b0201126c7</email>
                <email type="domain">lis-lab.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-01796061</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-01796061</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">badache:hal-01796061</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;40th European Conference on Information Retrieval, ECIR 2018 - BroDyn: Workshop on Analysis of Broad Dynamic Topics over Social Media&lt;/i&gt;, Mar 2018, Grenoble, France</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">40th European Conference on Information Retrieval, ECIR 2018 - BroDyn: Workshop on Analysis of Broad Dynamic Topics over Social Media, Mar 2018, Grenoble, France</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-1796061-1822312"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-TLN">Université de Toulon</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-AMU">Aix Marseille Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ESPE-AMU_PUBLICATIONS">Publications de l'Ecole Supérieure du Professorat et de l'Education d'Aix Marseille</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ILCB">Institut Langage, Communication et Cerveau</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LIS-LAB">Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ANR">ANR</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="invited" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
            <note type="proceedings" n="0">No</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Contradiction in Reviews: is it Strong or Low?</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Ismail</forename>
                    <surname>Badache</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">b9acfed1d9f8ec456a9c62b0201126c7</email>
                  <email type="domain">lis-lab.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">ismail-badache</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">22111</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">24281-22111</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/197813380</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1868-1185</idno>
                  <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=zTMmS_YAAAAJ&amp;hl=fr</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-551212"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Sébastien</forename>
                    <surname>Fournier</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">7ff5383ca6c43eea2e9ef2911d16f959</email>
                  <email type="domain">lis-lab.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">sebastien-fournier</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">170902</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">40979-170902</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1611-0744</idno>
                  <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=3mY8NnkAAAAJ&amp;hl=fr</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/095597050</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-551212"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Adrian-Gabriel</forename>
                    <surname>Chifu</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">8f336dd2ec5e10aecc8b196d6bd4a82e</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-amu.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">adrianchifu</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">19500</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">24568-19500</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/189872373</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4680-5528</idno>
                  <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=RRFCP50AAAAJ</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-551212"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <meeting>
                  <title>40th European Conference on Information Retrieval, ECIR 2018 - BroDyn: Workshop on Analysis of Broad Dynamic Topics over Social Media</title>
                  <date type="start">2018-03-26</date>
                  <settlement>Grenoble</settlement>
                  <country key="FR">France</country>
                </meeting>
                <imprint/>
              </monogr>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">contradiction intensity</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">aspect detection</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">sentiment analysis</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="info">Computer Science [cs]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="info.info-tt">Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="COMM">Conference papers</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="COMM">Conference papers</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="COMM">Conference papers</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>Analysis of opinions (reviews) generated by users becomes increasingly exploited by a variety of applications. It allows to follow the evolution of the opinions or to carry out investigations on web resource (e.g. courses, movies, products). The detection of contradictory opinions is an important task to evaluate the latter. This paper focuses on the problem of detecting and estimating contradiction intensity based on the sentiment analysis around specific aspects of a resource. Firstly, certain aspects are identified, according to the distributions of the emotional terms in the vicinity of the most frequent names in the whole of the reviews. Secondly, the polarity of each review segment containing an aspect is estimated using the state-of-the-art approach SentiNeuron. Then, only the resources containing these aspects with opposite polarities (positive, negative) are considered. Thirdly, a measure of the intensity of the contradiction is introduced. It is based on the joint dispersion of the polarity and the rating of the reviews containing the aspects within each resource. The evaluation of the proposed approach is conducted on the Massive Open Online Courses collection containing 2244 courses and their 73,873 reviews, collected from Coursera. The results revealed the effectiveness of the proposed approach to detect and quantify contradictions.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-551212" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Recherche d’information et Interactions</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">R2I</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Laboratoire Informatique et Système, Aix Marseille Université – Campus de Saint Jérôme – Bat. Polytech - 52 Av. Escadrille Normandie Niemen - 13397 Marseille Cedex 20</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.lis-lab.fr/r2i</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-527033" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7020" active="#struct-198056" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR7020" active="#struct-303091" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR7020" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-527033" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">234768002</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">201822714R</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/0257sgk90</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q52605252</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire d'Informatique et des Systèmes (LIS) (Marseille, Toulon)</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LIS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2018-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Aix Marseille Université – Campus de Saint Jérôme – Bat. Polytech, 52 Av. Escadrille Normandie Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.lis-lab.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UMR7020" active="#struct-198056" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7020" active="#struct-303091" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7020" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-198056" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">15863621X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2176 4817</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/035xkbk20</idno>
          <orgName>Aix Marseille Université</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">AMU</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Aix-Marseille UniversitéJardins du Pharo58 Boulevard Charles Livon13284 Marseille cedex 7</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-amu.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-303091" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">031122337</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02m9kbe37</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Toulon</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UTLN</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Avenue de l'Université - BP 20132 - 83957 La Garde Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-tln.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
      <listOrg type="projects">
        <org type="anrProject" xml:id="projanr-42476" status="VALID">
          <idno type="anr">ANR-16-CONV-0002</idno>
          <orgName>ILCB</orgName>
          <desc>ILCB: Institute of Language Communication and the Brain</desc>
          <date type="start">2016</date>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>