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Article Dans Une Revue Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Année : 2018

Cell contraction induces long-ranged stress stiffening in the extracellular matrix

Résumé

Animal cells in tissues are supported by biopolymer matrices, which typically exhibit highly nonlinear mechanical properties. While the linear elasticity of the matrix can significantly impact cell mechanics and functionality, it remains largely unknown how cells, in turn, affect the nonlinear mechanics of their surrounding matrix. Here we show that living contractile cells are able to generate a massive stiffness gradient in three distinct 3D extracellular matrix model systems: collagen, fibrin, and Matrigel. We decipher this remarkable behavior by introducing Nonlinear Stress Inference Microscopy (NSIM), a novel technique to infer stress fields in a 3D matrix from nonlinear microrheology measurement with optical tweezers. Using NSIM and simulations, we reveal a long-ranged propagation of cell-generated stresses resulting from local filament buckling. This slow decay of stress gives rise to the large spatial extent of the observed cell-induced matrix stiffness gradient, which could form a mechanism for mechanical communication between cells.
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hal-01795239 , version 1 (18-03-2024)

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Yu Long Han, Pierre Ronceray, Guoqiang Xu, Andrea Malandrino, Roger Kamm, et al.. Cell contraction induces long-ranged stress stiffening in the extracellular matrix. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018, 115 (16), pp.4075-4080. ⟨10.1073/pnas.1722619115⟩. ⟨hal-01795239⟩
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