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            <title xml:lang="en">Control of invasive rats on islands and priorities for future action</title>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Conservation Biology&lt;/i&gt;, 2017, 31 (4), pp.761 - 771. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12885"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1111/cobi.12885&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Control of invasive rats on islands and priorities for future action</title>
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                <title level="j">Conservation Biology</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">poison</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Rattus exulans</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Rattus rattus</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Rattus norvegicus</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">rodent pest control</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">island conservation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">traps</term>
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              <p>Invasive rats are one of the world's most successful animal groups that cause native species extinctions and ecosystem change, particularly on islands. On large islands, rat eradication is often impossible and population control, defined as the local limitation of rat abundance, is now routinely performed on many of the world's islands as an alternative management tool. However, a synthesis of the motivations, techniques, costs, and outcomes of such rat-control projects is lacking. We reviewed the literature, searched relevant websites, and conducted a survey via a questionnaire to synthesize the available information on rat-control projects in island natural areas worldwide to improve rat management and native species conservation. Data were collected from 136 projects conducted over the last 40 years; most were located in Australasia (46%) and the tropical Pacific (25%) in forest ecosystems (65%) and coastal strands (22%). Most of the projects targeted Rattus rattus and most (82%) were aimed at protecting birds and endangered ecosystems. Poisoning (35%) and a combination of trapping and poisoning (42%) were the most common methods. Poisoning allows for treatment of larger areas, and poison projects generally last longer than trapping projects. Second-generation anticoagulants (mainly brodifacoum and bromadiolone) were used most often. The median annual cost for rat-control projects was US$17,262 or US$227/ha. Median project duration was 4 years. For 58% of the projects, rat population reduction was reported, and 51% of projects showed evidence of positive effects on biodiversity. Our data were from few countries, revealing the need to expand rat-control distribution especially in some biodiversity hotspots. Improvement in control methods is needed as is regular monitoring to assess short-and long-term effectiveness of rat-control.</p>
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              <p> Control de Ratas Invasoras en Islas y las Prioridades para la Acción a Futuro Resumen: Las ratas invasoras son uno de los grupos animales más exitosos a nivel mundial que ocasionan la extinción de especies nativas y cambios en los ecosistemas, particularmente en las islas. En las islas grandes, la erradicación de las ratas es generalmente imposible y el control de población, definido como la limitación local de la abundancia de ratas, hoy en día se practica rutinariamente en muchas de las islas del mundo como una herramienta alternativa de manejo. Sin embargo, se carece de una síntesis de motivaciones, técnicas, costos y resultados de dichos proyectos de control de ratas. Revisamos la literatura, buscamos sitios web relevantes, y realizamos una encuesta por medio de un cuestionario para sintetizar la información disponible sobre los proyectos de control de ratas en lasáreaslas´lasáreas naturales isleñas en todo el mundo para así mejorar el manejo de ratas y la conservación de especies nativas. Se recolectaron datos de 136 proyectos que se realizaron en losúltimos los´losúltimos 40 años; la mayoría se ubicaron en Australasia (46 %) y el Pacífico tropical (25 %) en ecosistemas boscosos (65 %) y franjas costeras (22 %). La mayoría de los proyectos estaban enfocados en Rattus rattus, y la mayoría (82 %) estaban centrados en la protección de aves y ecosistemas en peligro de extinción. Los métodos más comunes fueron el envenenamiento (35 %) y una combinación de trampas y veneno (42 %). El envenenamiento permite tratar conáreascon´conáreas más grandes y generalmente dura más tiempo que el trampeo. Los anti-coagulantes de segunda</p>
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