Constraining the rates and spatial distribution of dinitrogen (N 2) fixation fluxes to the ocean informs our understanding of the environmental sensitivities of N 2 fixa-tion as well as the timescale over which the fluxes of nitrogen (N) to and from the ocean may respond to each other. Here we quantify rates of N 2 fixation as well as its contribution to export production along a zonal transect in the western tropical South Pacific (WTSP) Ocean using N isotope (" δ 15 N ") budgets. Comparing measurements of water column nitrate + nitrite δ 15 N with the δ 15 N of sinking particulate N at a western, central, and eastern station, these δ 15 N budgets indicate high, modest, and low rates of N 2 fixation at the respective stations. The results also imply that N 2 fixation supports exceptionally high, i.e. ≥ 50 %, of export production at the western and central stations, which are also prox-imal to the largest iron sources. These geochemically based rates of N 2 fixation are equal to or greater than those previously reported in the tropical North Atlantic, indicating that the WTSP Ocean has the capacity to support globally significant rates of N 2 fixation, which may compensate for N removal in the oxygen-deficient zones of the eastern tropical Pacific.