The district of Sorgono (Nuoro province, Central Sardinia) is mainly known, for prehistory, thanks to the exceptional character of the standing stone monument of Biru ‘e Concas or Coa ‘e sa Mandara. The other archaeological remains in this territory had remained almost completely unknown. Archaeological surveys carried out recently are now offering an opportunity to develop a more complete description of the prehistoric occupation of this territory. This paper proposes an environmental characterization of the area associated with a synthesis of the newly acquired archaeological data, especially for the fourth and the first half of the third millennium BC. These data allow an initial contextual analysis of the prehistoric occupation of this territory to be undertaken, centred on the standing stone monuments and based on the principles of the “systemic-analytical” method (Soula, 2008, 2012c, forthcoming c). Although knowledge is still limited by problems related to the dating of the sites, it has been possible to clarify a certain amount of information and propose some potential chrono-cultural dates based on consistency. The most important chronological deficiencies are related to the standing stone monuments for which it is possible to propose an attribution to the Ozieri culture only on the basis of their closest archaeological contexts. Although this is merely an assumption that can only be confirmed or invalidated by an excavation, this approach frequently demonstrates that the Sardinian insular model allows such hypotheses to be made. This central area of the island was probably inhabited from the fourth millennium, with the Ozieri Culture (4200/4000-3500 BC). Data permitting the documentation of a possible continuation of this occupation during the first Chalcolithic, with the Sub-Ozieri (3600-2900 BC), is lacking. This deficiency is probably due to the too recent distinction of the Sub-Ozieri compared to the Ozieri (Santoni, 1991; Melis, 2000, 2009, 2011) and to the scarcity of research in this area. Notwithstanding this possible gap in our knowledge, continuity is discernible with the Chalcolithic Filigosa occupation (3000-2500 BC), identified through rare archaeological deposits and associated with some statue-menhirs. The Abealzu (2700-2400 BC) has not, for its part, been identified so far in this area. Another Chalcolithic culture, contemporary with the Filigosa and Abealzu, is known through a few indications at Sorgono: the relationship between the Monte Claro (3000/2900-2300 BC), a clearly exogenous cultural facies, and the Filigosa, a local cultural facies, remains to be defined at Sorgono. This represents a major issue across the island as these two cultures seem both to coexist and to be mutually exclusive in some areas of Sardinia (Soula, 2012c, forthcoming b). The keys for understanding this cultural bipartition of the island during the third millennium BC are to be found in particular at Sorgono The proposed analysis is organized into two main phases. In a first stage, the territory analysed is presented from a geographical and geological point of view. In a second stage, a synthesis of the distribution map of archaeological sites is proposed for the fourth and third millennia BC in order to conduct geostatistical analyses mainly based on standing stone monuments and their context. Within the territorial limits identified for the Sorgono system, we distinguish the presence of full occupancy subsystems, i.e. consisting of the three main aspects of a Sardinian prehistoric human community (dwellings, burials and standing stones). The presence of bipartite subsystems and other subsystems composed of only one of these aspects can be interpreted in two ways: either we lack a certain amount of knowledge for that territory, or they are more secondary subsystems or related to specific functions. This structural and functional analysis of the Sorgono system shows that the modes of land use are predominantly governed by constraints related to the topographical environment and to the different ecosystems. The areas preferentially colonized by the Ozieri groups at Sorgono are the more ‘hospitable’ ones, those more open into the landscape, with a large variety of natural resources. This could mean that the less ’hospitable’ areas, occupied in a looser way, are related to control of the territory or the practice of specific activities. It is also possible that these ‘secondary’ subsystems are an extension of the nerve centre of the occupation at a time of strong regional pressure. The presence of rarer (and frequently unfinished) hypogeum tombs in these subsystems tends to confirm their later development in comparison with the centre of the Sorgono territorial system.