%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
Basma El Hamzaoui, Maureen Laroche, Lionel Almeras, Jean-Michel Bérenger, Didier Raoult, Philippe Parola
Detection of Bartonella spp. in fleas by MALDI-TOF MS
www.plosntds.org
www.plosntds.org
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 11 0 R/Annots 12 0 R/Contents 13 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
12 0 obj
[14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R]
endobj
14 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref001)>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref002)>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref003)>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref004)>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref005)>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref006)>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref007)>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref008)>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref008)>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref009)>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref008)>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref010)>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref011)>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref012)>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 29 0 R>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<>
endobj
13 0 obj
[30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R]
endobj
30 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.955 g
0 w
199.9998 622.9103 m
575.9997 622.9103 l
575.9997 461.9106 l
199.9998 461.9106 l
f*
0.45 0.36 0.35 0.01 k
575.9997 647.9101 m
199.9998 647.9101 l
199.9998 648.4102 l
575.9997 648.4102 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
531.7228 393.9024 m
536.485 393.9024 l
h
f*
412.0441 367.937 m
416.8063 367.937 l
h
f*
419.074 367.937 m
423.8362 367.937 l
h
f*
475.937 328.9323 m
480.6992 328.9323 l
h
f*
482.9102 328.9323 m
487.6724 328.9323 l
h
f*
234.1417 302.9102 m
238.9039 302.9102 l
h
f*
318.8409 276.9449 m
323.5465 276.9449 l
h
f*
305.7449 250.9228 m
310.5071 250.9228 l
h
f*
500.8819 211.9181 m
505.474 211.9181 l
h
f*
395.3764 133.9087 m
400.1386 133.9087 l
h
f*
483.3638 120.926 m
488.126 120.926 l
h
f*
490.337 120.926 m
499.8614 120.926 l
h
f*
261.6945 81.9213 m
271.1622 81.9213 l
h
f*
273.4299 81.9213 m
282.9543 81.9213 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
11.4998 0 0 11.4998 200.0125 706.3937 cm
BT
/F3 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0035 Tc
0 0 Td
(Conclusions/Significance)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
9.5 0 0 9.5 200.0125 689.3858 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0042 Tc
0 0 Td
(MALDI-TOF)Tj
5.5857 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.9309 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.7699 0 Td
(promising)Tj
4.4996 0 Td
(tool)Tj
1.8082 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3785 0 Td
(identification)Tj
5.6991 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0443 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5994 0 Td
(infection)Tj
3.8969 0 Td
(status)Tj
2.8644 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0444 0 Td
(fleas)Tj
2.3095 0 Td
(infected)Tj
3.676 0 Td
(with)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
-37.1068 -1.474 Td
(Bartonella)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
4.6607 0 Td
(spp.,)Tj
2.3691 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.7452 0 Td
(allows)Tj
2.9599 0 Td
(new)Tj
2.035 0 Td
(possibilities)Tj
5.2575 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3726 0 Td
(fast)Tj
1.8201 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8679 0 Td
(accurate)Tj
4.0162 0 Td
(diagnosis)Tj
4.3862 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.9847 0 Td
(medical)Tj
-34.4751 -1.468 Td
(entomology)Tj
5.3291 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8678 0 Td
(vector)Tj
2.9182 0 Td
(surveillance.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 209.9905 604.9133 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Author)Tj
3.137 0 Td
(summary)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 209.9905 586.885 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Fleas)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(known)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(vectors)Tj
3.0614 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(infectious)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(diseases.)Tj
3.6057 0 Td
(Identification)Tj
5.6579 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(fleas)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(their)Tj
-31.9292 -1.2982 Td
(associated)Tj
4.2576 0 Td
(pathogens)Tj
4.3029 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(essential)Tj
3.583 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(prevention)Tj
4.5808 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(flea-borne)Tj
4.3199 0 Td
(diseases.)Tj
3.6057 0 Td
(Currently,)Tj
4.3483 0 Td
(the)Tj
-33.715 -1.2983 Td
(morphological)Tj
6.0547 0 Td
(identification)Tj
5.5786 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0034 0 Td
(arthropods)Tj
4.6375 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4661 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2699 0 Td
(dichotomous)Tj
5.4879 0 Td
(keys,)Tj
2.1713 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(well)Tj
1.8142 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0034 0 Td
(molecu-)Tj
-32.4961 -1.2982 Td
(lar)Tj
1.2699 0 Td
(techniques,)Tj
4.7565 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(common)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(approaches)Tj
4.7339 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(arthropod)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(identification)Tj
5.5842 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(ento-)Tj
-32.7172 -1.304 Td
(mological)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
(surveillance.)Tj
5.1704 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1111 0 Td
(recent)Tj
2.7043 0 Td
(years,)Tj
2.4944 0 Td
(MALDI-TOF)Tj
5.6466 0 Td
(MS)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(revolutionized)Tj
6.0037 0 Td
(clinical)Tj
-30.3985 -1.2982 Td
(microbiology)Tj
5.5615 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(enabling)Tj
3.6623 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(rapid)Tj
2.3358 0 Td
(identification)Tj
5.5842 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(bacteria)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(fungi)Tj
2.313 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(comparing)Tj
4.5694 0 Td
(the)Tj
-33.8454 -1.2983 Td
(protein)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(profiles)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(obtained)Tj
3.7304 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(database.)Tj
3.8608 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(proteomic)Tj
4.354 0 Td
(approach)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(recently)Tj
3.4129 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(used)Tj
-33.0007 -1.3039 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(arthropod)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(identification)Tj
5.5842 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(pathogen)Tj
3.9458 0 Td
(detection.)Tj
4.1613 0 Td
(Here,)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(developed)Tj
4.2689 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(experimental)Tj
-30.3191 -1.2983 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(test)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(MALDI-TOF's)Tj
6.2249 0 Td
(ability)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(differentiate)Tj
5.0797 0 Td
(fleas)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(infected)Tj
3.4185 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(pathogens,)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
-30.8634 -1.2982 Td
[()-2()16()-19()11()11()6()15()4()4()]TJ
4.2802 0 Td
[( )14(\n)12()12()22()11()16()6()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
3.8154 0 Td
(and)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.7292 0 Td
[()-2()16()-19()11()11()6()15()4()4()]TJ
4.2803 0 Td
[()6()2(\r)-3()15()4()6()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(,)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(uninfected)Tj
4.4957 0 Td
(fleas.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 425.0267 cm
BT
/F3 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Introduction)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 408.0188 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Fleas)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(wingless)Tj
3.5716 0 Td
(insects)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(characterized)Tj
5.5615 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(laterally)Tj
3.3732 0 Td
(flattened)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(body)Tj
2.2166 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(1.5)Tj
1.4003 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(4)Tj
0.6974 0 Td
(mm)Tj
-34.1856 -1.3039 Td
(long.)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(Males)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(females)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(strict)Tj
2.2393 0 Td
(hematophagous)Tj
6.565 0 Td
(parasites)Tj
3.6907 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(mammals)Tj
4.1556 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(birds)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(1)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-31.6344 -1.2982 Td
(Fleas)Tj
2.2166 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(vectors)Tj
3.0614 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(infectious)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(diseases)Tj
3.3732 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(bubonic)Tj
3.5093 0 Td
(plague,)Tj
3.0557 0 Td
(caused)Tj
2.9197 0 Td
(by)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.1792 0 Td
[()106()2()5(\r)10()12()18()4()]TJ
-33.2615 -1.2983 Td
[()4()8(\r)9()7()-4(\r)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(,)Tj
2.5341 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(murine)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(typhus,)Tj
3.1351 0 Td
(caused)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(by)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.1849 0 Td
[()13()4()13()8()8(\r)10()4()]TJ
3.9854 0 Td
[()-3()-13()10()18()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
2.1997 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(2)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(3)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.3017 0 Td
(Fleas)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(transmit)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
3.617 0 Td
[()-2()16()-19()11()11()6()15()4()4()]TJ
-32.3884 -1.3039 Td
[()6()2(\r)-3()15()4()6()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(,)Tj
3.7076 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(agent)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(cat-scratch)Tj
4.5638 0 Td
(disease.)Tj
3.2428 0 Td
(Recently,)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
3.8834 0 Td
[()11()2()6()4()7()2()10()6()11()12()4()4()8(\r)]TJ
6.48 0 Td
[()9()15()12()-4(\r)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(,)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(cat)Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(flea,)Tj
1.8369 0 Td
(was)Tj
-33.3749 -1.2983 Td
(described)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.7587 0 Td
(vector)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(of)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.0148 0 Td
[()-2()16()-19()11()11()6()15()4()4()]TJ
4.2803 0 Td
[( )14(\n)12()12()22()11()16()6()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(,)Tj
4.0422 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(agent)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(trench)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
(fever,)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(known)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(be)Tj
-35.6369 -1.2982 Td
(transmitted)Tj
4.8642 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1848 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(body)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(louse)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
2.2847 0 Td
[()23()7()12()4()1(\n)4()12(\n)-4(\r)]TJ
4.2463 0 Td
[()18(\n)12()6()16()18(\n)-4(\r)]TJ
3.9061 0 Td
[()18(\n)12()6()16()18(\n)-4(\r)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-22.0534 -1.2983 Td
(Currently,)Tj
4.354 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(widely)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(method)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(flea)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(identification)Tj
5.5843 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4774 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(morphological)Tj
-30.6139 -1.3039 Td
(criteria)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(6)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(approach)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
(relies)Tj
2.3131 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(use)Tj
1.5307 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(identification)Tj
5.5843 0 Td
(keys)Tj
1.9558 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(require)Tj
3.1124 0 Td
(entomological)Tj
-30.6536 -1.2983 Td
(expertise)Tj
3.77 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(specific)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(documentation.)Tj
6.5764 0 Td
(However,)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.4185 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(entomologists)Tj
5.828 0 Td
(specialized)Tj
4.5241 0 Td
(in)Tj
-35.5972 -1.2983 Td
(flea's)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(taxonomy)Tj
4.2519 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(very)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(small)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(7)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(Also,)Tj
2.245 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(accurate)Tj
3.5547 0 Td
(identification)Tj
5.5842 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(flea)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(species)Tj
2.9933 0 Td
(requires)Tj
-33.8227 -1.3039 Td
(specimens)Tj
4.3653 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(slide)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(mounted)Tj
3.8721 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(stereoscopic)Tj
5.1023 0 Td
(examination,)Tj
5.4595 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(makes)Tj
2.7553 0 Td
(them)Tj
2.2904 0 Td
(unusable)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(for)Tj
-35.8977 -1.2982 Td
(further)Tj
3.0273 0 Td
(molecular)Tj
4.218 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(8)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-0.02 Tc
-9.0368 -1.2983 Td
(During)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(entomological)Tj
5.7032 0 Td
(surveys,)Tj
3.2712 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.423 0 Td
(determination)Tj
5.7486 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9808 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.423 0 Td
(infection)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(status)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9864 0 Td
(fleas)Tj
1.8879 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8163 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6349 0 Td
(critical)Tj
-34.8715 -1.3039 Td
(step)Tj
1.7574 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0035 0 Td
(assessing)Tj
3.6566 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.423 0 Td
(risk)Tj
1.6498 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9808 0 Td
(disease)Tj
2.9083 0 Td
(transmission.)Tj
5.3801 0 Td
(Molecular)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(biology)Tj
3.0614 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.4967 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(used)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0035 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.423 0 Td
(last)Tj
1.491 0 Td
(20)Tj
-35.4385 -1.2983 Td
(years)Tj
2.1826 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.338 0 Td
(arthropod)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
(identification)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(detection)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9808 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(associated)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(pathogens)Tj
4.1612 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(8)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5364 0 Td
(However,)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
(this)Tj
-35.2514 -1.2982 Td
(approach)Tj
3.821 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8164 0 Td
(limited)Tj
2.9594 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.423 0 Td
(availability)Tj
4.337 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9808 0 Td
(reference)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(sequences)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4173 0 Td
(GenBank)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(database.)Tj
3.7191 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(length)Tj
-35.07 -1.304 Td
(of)Tj
0.9807 0 Td
(time)Tj
1.9673 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.6781 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4229 0 Td
(cost)Tj
1.7462 0 Td
(associated)Tj
4.0988 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9333 0 Td
(molecular)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(biology)Tj
3.0614 0 Td
(approaches)Tj
4.575 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.5761 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1225 0 Td
(limiting)Tj
3.2712 0 Td
(as)Tj
0.9808 0 Td
(well.)Tj
-0.004 Tc
-31.2943 -1.2982 Td
(Recently,)Tj
3.8891 0 Td
(Matrix-Assisted)Tj
6.582 0 Td
(Laser)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(Desorption/Ionization)Tj
9.2183 0 Td
(Time-Of-Flight)Tj
6.4062 0 Td
(Mass)Tj
2.2734 0 Td
(Spectrometry)Tj
-31.9122 -1.2983 Td
(\(MALDI-TOF)Tj
5.9867 0 Td
(MS\),)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(technique)Tj
4.1669 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4741 0 Td
(analysis)Tj
3.3221 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(protein)Tj
3.1578 0 Td
(fingerprints,)Tj
5.1704 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(revolution-)Tj
-32.3884 -1.2983 Td
(ized)Tj
1.8481 0 Td
(clinical)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(microbiology,)Tj
5.7883 0 Td
(enabling)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(rapid)Tj
2.3358 0 Td
(identification)Tj
5.5842 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(bacteria)Tj
3.3788 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(fungi)Tj
2.3187 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(compar-)Tj
-33.3862 -1.3039 Td
(ing)Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1033 0 Td
(protein)Tj
3.1578 0 Td
(profiles)Tj
3.1974 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(reference)Tj
3.9175 0 Td
(database)Tj
3.6396 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(More)Tj
2.4095 0 Td
(recently,)Tj
3.6396 0 Td
(MALDI-TOF)Tj
5.6466 0 Td
(MS)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(been)Tj
-35.6256 -1.2982 Td
(successfully)Tj
4.8642 0 Td
(applied)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(identification)Tj
5.5843 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(arthropods,)Tj
4.8699 0 Td
(including)Tj
4.0421 0 Td
(fleas)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(8)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(10)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.778 0 Td
(Moreover,)Tj
4.3936 0 Td
(this)Tj
-35.1663 -1.2983 Td
(tool)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5477 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(tested)Tj
2.5512 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(its)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(ability)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(detect)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(pathogens)Tj
4.303 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(arthropods,)Tj
4.8698 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7823 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(reported)Tj
-33.2501 -1.3039 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(MALDI-TOF)Tj
5.6523 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(able)Tj
1.8312 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(successfully)Tj
4.8642 0 Td
(differentiate)Tj
5.0797 0 Td
(ticks)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(infected)Tj
3.4242 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(uninfected)Tj
4.4957 0 Td
(by)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.1849 0 Td
[()-2()11()-9()20()15()12()4()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
3.3562 0 Td
(or)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
-36.6914 -1.2983 Td
[()13()4()13()8()8(\r)10()4()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
3.9854 0 Td
(spp.)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(12)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 183.2882 23.6976 re
W* n
q
183.2315 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 386.4188 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Detectio)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(n)Tj
0.7653 0 Td
(of)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
1.0418 0 Td
(Bartonella)Tj
4.6347 0 Td
(spp)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(.)Tj
2.0834 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.978 0 Td
(fleas)Tj
2.289 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.2614 0 Td
(MALDI-TO)Tj
4.7268 0 Td
(F)Tj
0.8292 0 Td
(MS)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
163.5591 34.9228 m
317.7071 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(Neglected)Tj
4.6417 0 Td
(Tropical)Tj
3.7135 0 Td
(Disease)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(s)Tj
0.7158 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8197 0 Td
(1/journal.pn)Tj
5.1237 0 Td
(td.00061)Tj
3.8197 0 Td
(89)Tj
0 g
2.0905 0 Td
(February)Tj
4.1599 0 Td
(16,)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(2018)Tj
23.1805 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
31 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
32 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
33 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
34 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
35 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
36 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
37 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
38 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
39 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
40 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
41 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
42 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
43 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(14)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
44 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 11 0 R/Annots 48 0 R/Contents 49 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
48 0 obj
[50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R]
endobj
50 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref004)>>
endobj
51 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref004)>>
endobj
52 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref004)>>
endobj
53 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref013)>>
endobj
54 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref014)>>
endobj
55 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref004)>>
endobj
56 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref015)>>
endobj
57 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpntd.0006189.ref004)>>
endobj
58 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 59 0 R>>
endobj
59 0 obj
<>
endobj
49 0 obj
[60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R]
endobj
60 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
297.5811 585.8646 m
302.3433 585.8646 l
h
f*
252.8504 546.8598 m
257.6126 546.8598 l
h
f*
422.7024 481.8331 m
427.4646 481.8331 l
h
f*
323.5465 379.389 m
333.0709 379.389 l
h
f*
548.7307 262.3748 m
558.2551 262.3748 l
h
f*
388.0063 198.9354 m
392.7685 198.9354 l
h
f*
286.0724 81.9213 m
295.5969 81.9213 l
h
f*
477.978 81.9213 m
482.7402 81.9213 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 211.9748 707.4141 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1111 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6725 0 Td
(context,)Tj
3.4128 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3267 0 Td
(set)Tj
1.3039 0 Td
(up)Tj
1.2642 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(experimental)Tj
5.4595 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(flea)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(infection)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(with)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.9956 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.0148 0 Td
[( )14(\n)12()12()22()11()16()6()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
3.8154 0 Td
(and)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.7348 0 Td
[()-2()16()19()]TJ
-35.6709 -1.3039 Td
[()11()11()6()15()4()4()]TJ
2.8572 0 Td
[()6()2(\r)-3()15()4()6()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(.)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(ranked)Tj
3.0217 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(flea)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(groups)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(according)Tj
4.1839 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(infection)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(status)Tj
2.5002 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(confirmed)Tj
-31.8782 -1.2982 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(molecular)Tj
4.2179 0 Td
(biology,)Tj
3.4016 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(evaluated)Tj
3.9912 0 Td
(MALDI-TOF's)Tj
6.2248 0 Td
(ability)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(distinguish)Tj
4.6374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(different)Tj
-32.7115 -1.2983 Td
(groups)Tj
2.9706 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(pathogens.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 634.9606 cm
BT
/F3 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Materials)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.989 0 Td
(methods)Tj
/F14 1 Tf
-6.4961 -1.5023 Td
(Flea)Tj
1.9417 0 Td
(rearing)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 599.9244 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Cat)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(fleas)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F13 1 Tf
[()11()2()6()4()7()2()10()6()11()12()4()4()8(\r)]TJ
6.8144 0 Td
[()9()15()12()-4(\r)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
2.0353 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(maintained)Tj
4.7905 0 Td
(under)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(standard)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(laboratory)Tj
4.354 0 Td
(rearing)Tj
3.1011 0 Td
(conditions)Tj
-33.1424 -1.2982 Td
(as)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(previously)Tj
4.3484 0 Td
(described)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(Adult)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(stages)Tj
2.5625 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(fed)Tj
1.457 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(blood)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(previously)Tj
4.3484 0 Td
(heated)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(a)Tj
-35.4952 -1.2983 Td
(water)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(bath)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(37C)Tj
2.2281 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(30)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(minutes.)Tj
3.6907 0 Td
(It)Tj
0.856 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(made)Tj
2.4264 0 Td
(available)Tj
3.6681 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(fleas)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(via)Tj
1.372 0 Td
(glass)Tj
2.0863 0 Td
(tubes)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(closed)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(with)Tj
-35.4725 -1.3039 Td
(parafilm)Tj
3.5943 0 Td
(\(Sigma-Aldrich,)Tj
6.6443 0 Td
(Saint)Tj
2.2451 0 Td
(Louis,)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(Missouri,)Tj
4.0025 0 Td
(USA\),)Tj
2.6815 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(fixed)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(plates)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(contain-)Tj
-33.7717 -1.2983 Td
(ing)Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(fleas)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5988 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(breeding)Tj
3.753 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(containing)Tj
4.5298 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(fleas)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(contact)Tj
3.1578 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(lower)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(part)Tj
1.8369 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.3648 -1.2982 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(membrane.)Tj
4.7905 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(eggs)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4514 0 Td
(collected)Tj
3.736 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(adult)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(feces)Tj
2.1373 0 Td
(12)Tj
1.6894 0 Td
(times)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(week)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(sterile)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(tubes)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(con-)Tj
-34.52 -1.3039 Td
(taining)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(10)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(grams)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(larval)Tj
2.4094 0 Td
(nutrient)Tj
3.5036 0 Td
(medium,)Tj
3.8324 0 Td
(composed)Tj
4.303 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(20)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(g)Tj
0.686 0 Td
(rodent)Tj
2.897 0 Td
(food,)Tj
2.2734 0 Td
(40)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(g)Tj
0.686 0 Td
(sand,)Tj
2.3188 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(g)Tj
-34.8659 -1.2983 Td
(lyophilized)Tj
4.6147 0 Td
(blood,)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(g)Tj
0.6803 0 Td
(yeast.)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(tubes)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(placed)Tj
2.7893 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(laboratory)Tj
4.354 0 Td
(incubator)Tj
4.1045 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(same)Tj
-35.3818 -1.2983 Td
(temperature)Tj
5.125 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7347 0 Td
(humidity)Tj
3.9062 0 Td
(conditions)Tj
4.4787 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(adults)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(\(80%)Tj
2.2678 0 Td
(humidity,)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
(27C\).)Tj
2.7893 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(device)Tj
2.7382 0 Td
(is)Tj
-36.4929 -1.3039 Td
(kept)Tj
1.9558 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4741 0 Td
(dark)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(until)Tj
2.1089 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(emergence)Tj
4.541 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(adult)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(stages)Tj
2.5625 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 449.4614 cm
BT
/F15 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
[()-6()12()-22()7()4()5()7()2()-1()]TJ
4.5071 0 Td
[( )11(\n)5()5()18()7()12()5()]TJ
/F14 1 Tf
3.9354 0 Td
(and)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
1.7953 0 Td
[()-6()12()-22()7()4()5()7()2()-1()]TJ
4.5024 0 Td
[()5()-7()-10(\r)-7()7()-1()5()]TJ
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 432.4535 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(All)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(experiments)Tj
5.142 0 Td
(conducted)Tj
4.4277 0 Td
(with)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.9956 0 Td
[()-2()16()-19()11()11()6()15()4()4()]TJ
4.2746 0 Td
[( )14(\n)12()12()22()11()16()6()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
3.8211 0 Td
(and)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.7291 0 Td
[()-2()16()-19()11()11()6()15()4()4()]TJ
4.2746 0 Td
[()6()2(\r)-3()15()4()6()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
3.4866 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(performed)Tj
-32.6662 -1.2982 Td
(inside)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(Biosafety)Tj
3.8381 0 Td
(cabinet)Tj
3.1181 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(Biosafety)Tj
3.8324 0 Td
(Level)Tj
2.3074 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(\(BSL2\))Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(room.)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(strains)Tj
2.8629 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(bacteria)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F13 1 Tf
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
-35.1153 -1.2983 Td
[( )14(\n)12()12()22()11()16()6()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
3.8154 0 Td
(strain)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(Oklahoma)Tj
4.4334 0 Td
(ATCC)Tj
2.8403 0 Td
(49793,)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
2.8232 0 Td
[()-2()16()-19()11()11()6()15()4()4()]TJ
4.2803 0 Td
[()6()2(\r)-3()15()4()6()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
3.481 0 Td
(strain)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(Marseille\))Tj
4.2236 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(grown)Tj
2.7949 0 Td
(on)Tj
-35.8183 -1.3039 Td
(Columbia)Tj
4.1895 0 Td
(sheep)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(blood)Tj
2.5172 0 Td
(agar)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(plates)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(\(5%,)Tj
2.0182 0 Td
(BioMerieux,)Tj
5.1704 0 Td
(Marcy)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(l'Etoile,)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(France\))Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(37C)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(atmo-)Tj
-34.3103 -1.2983 Td
(sphere)Tj
2.8402 0 Td
(enriched)Tj
3.7361 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(5%)Tj
1.457 0 Td
(CO)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 314.3622 378.822 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(2)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 320.1448 380.4661 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(After)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(10)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(days)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(culturing,)Tj
4.1216 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(bacteria)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(collected)Tj
3.736 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.3874 -1.2982 Td
(transferred)Tj
4.6374 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(tube)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
(containing)Tj
4.524 0 Td
(400)Tj
/F16 1 Tf
1.6497 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(L)Tj
1.2643 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(phosphate)Tj
4.337 0 Td
(buffered)Tj
3.5716 0 Td
(saline)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(\(PBS\),)Tj
2.744 0 Td
(pH)Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(7.2)Tj
1.4003 0 Td
(\(PBS,)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(Bio-)Tj
-35.2003 -1.3039 Td
(Merieux,)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(Marcy)Tj
2.7949 0 Td
(l'Etoile,)Tj
3.2202 0 Td
(France\).)Tj
3.5148 0 Td
(Two)Tj
2.0183 0 Td
(hundred)Tj
3.6793 0 Td
(microliters)Tj
4.5751 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(bacterial)Tj
3.6227 0 Td
(suspension)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
(mixed)Tj
-34.571 -1.2983 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(mL)Tj
1.576 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(blood,)Tj
2.7383 0 Td
(like)Tj
1.6553 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(simple)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(mixture)Tj
3.3902 0 Td
(of)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.0148 0 Td
[()-2()16()-19()11()11()6()15()4()4()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
4.2803 0 Td
(sp.)Tj
1.3209 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(erythrocytes)Tj
5.1307 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.576 0 Td
(an)Tj
-34.7127 -1.2983 Td
(erythrocyte)Tj
4.7735 0 Td
(infection,)Tj
4.0138 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(artificial)Tj
3.515 0 Td
(infection)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(fleas.)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(An)Tj
1.457 0 Td
(aliquot)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(ml)Tj
1.2869 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(human)Tj
-33.3521 -1.3039 Td
(whole)Tj
2.6022 0 Td
(blood)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(containing)Tj
4.5184 0 Td
(200)Tj
/F16 1 Tf
1.6441 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(l)Tj
0.9637 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(PBS)Tj
1.8255 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(feed)Tj
1.8765 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4626 0 Td
(control)Tj
3.1125 0 Td
(group.)Tj
2.8289 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(bacterial)Tj
3.617 0 Td
(suspen-)Tj
-34.503 -1.2982 Td
(sion)Tj
1.9049 0 Td
(\(100)Tj
/F16 1 Tf
1.9842 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(l\))Tj
1.3153 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(bacterial)Tj
3.6282 0 Td
(quantification)Tj
5.8337 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(flow)Tj
1.9502 0 Td
(cytometry.)Tj
4.4957 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(inocula)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(marked)Tj
-34.5087 -1.2983 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(DAPI)Tj
2.5398 0 Td
(\(4',6-diamidino-2-phe)Tj
0 Tc
8.4925 0.051 Td
()Tj
-0.004 Tc
0.4025 -0.051 Td
(nylindole\))Tj
4.3313 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(counting)Tj
3.8041 0 Td
(beads)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(quantify)Tj
3.549 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(bac-)Tj
-35.4271 -1.2983 Td
(teria.)Tj
2.2394 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(absolute)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.4185 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9218 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(interest)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(\(cells/)Tj
/F16 1 Tf
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(L\))Tj
3.9742 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(calculated)Tj
4.2066 0 Td
(according)Tj
4.1839 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(manu-)Tj
-34.6844 -1.3039 Td
(facturer's)Tj
3.9345 0 Td
(recommendations.)Tj
7.7215 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7857 0 Td
(last)Tj
1.559 0 Td
(100)Tj
/F16 1 Tf
1.6441 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(l)Tj
0.9751 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(inoculum)Tj
4.0876 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(bacterial)Tj
3.6226 0 Td
(culture)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(14)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 230.0031 cm
BT
/F14 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Artificial)Tj
4.0252 0 Td
(infection)Tj
3.9591 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0677 0 Td
(fleas)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 212.9952 cm
BT
/F7 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(secure)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(experimentation,)Tj
7.0582 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(Georgie)Tj
3.3959 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(Wade)Tj
2.5682 0 Td
(confined)Tj
3.753 0 Td
(equipment)Tj
4.5524 0 Td
(\(BSL3\))Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(for)Tj
-34.8148 -1.2982 Td
(flea)Tj
1.61 0 Td
(infection)Tj
3.7928 0 Td
(with)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.9955 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.0148 0 Td
[( )14(\n)12()12()22()11()16()6()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
3.8154 0 Td
(and)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.7348 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(.)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.0148 0 Td
[()6()2(\r)-3()15()4()6()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
3.4809 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5988 0 Td
(It)Tj
0.8617 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(composed)Tj
4.3087 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(glove)Tj
2.3187 0 Td
(box)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(safety)Tj
-34.4067 -1.3039 Td
(airlock)Tj
2.965 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(load)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(unload)Tj
3.0104 0 Td
(material.)Tj
3.7417 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(artificial)Tj
3.5149 0 Td
(infection)Tj
3.7928 0 Td
(with)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.9956 0 Td
[()-2()16()-19()11()11()6()15()4()4()]TJ
4.2802 0 Td
[( )14(\n)12()12()22()11()16()6()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(,)Tj
4.0422 0 Td
(two)Tj
-33.6583 -1.2983 Td
(groups)Tj
2.9706 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(created,)Tj
3.3449 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(exposed)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(group)Tj
2.6078 0 Td
(containing)Tj
4.5298 0 Td
(100)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.6441 0 Td
[()11()2()6()4()7()2()10()6()11()12()4()4()8(\r)]TJ
6.4799 0 Td
[()9()15()12()-4(\r)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
1.7121 0 Td
(fleas)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(\(40)Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(males)Tj
2.5002 0 Td
(and)Tj
-36.0451 -1.2983 Td
(60)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(females\))Tj
3.5603 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(control)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(group)Tj
2.6078 0 Td
(containing)Tj
4.5297 0 Td
(40)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.1679 0 Td
[()11()2()6()4()7()2()10()6()11()12()4()4()8(\r)]TJ
6.48 0 Td
[()9()15()12()-4(\r)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
1.7121 0 Td
(fleas)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(\(20)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(males)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(20)Tj
-34.4463 -1.2982 Td
(females\).)Tj
3.7813 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(artificial)Tj
3.515 0 Td
(infection)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(with)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.9956 0 Td
[()-2()16()-19()11()11()6()15()4()4()]TJ
4.2746 0 Td
[()6()2(\r)-3()15()4()6()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(,)Tj
3.7133 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(groups)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(formed;)Tj
3.3845 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(exposed)Tj
-34.0835 -1.3039 Td
(group)Tj
2.6078 0 Td
(containing)Tj
4.5297 0 Td
(200)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.6441 0 Td
[()11()2()6()4()7()2()10()6()11()12()4()4()8(\r)]TJ
6.48 0 Td
[()9()15()12()-4(\r)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
1.7121 0 Td
(fleas)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(\(120)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(females)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(80)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(males\))Tj
2.8459 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(control)Tj
-32.275 -1.2983 Td
(group)Tj
2.6078 0 Td
(containing)Tj
4.5297 0 Td
(40)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
1.1679 0 Td
[()11()2()6()4()7()2()10()6()11()12()4()4()8(\r)]TJ
6.48 0 Td
[()9()15()12()-4(\r)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
1.7121 0 Td
(fleas)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(\(20)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(males)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(20)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(females\).)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(Each)Tj
2.1713 0 Td
(flea)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(group)Tj
-32.9553 -1.2983 Td
(received)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(three)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(successive)Tj
4.2463 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(blood)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(meals.)Tj
2.7325 0 Td
(Control)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(fleas)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(fed)Tj
1.457 0 Td
(with)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
2.0013 0 Td
[()-2()16()-19()11()11()6()15()4()4()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(free)Tj
-29.2817 -1.3039 Td
(blood)Tj
2.5114 0 Td
(mixed)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(200)Tj
/F16 1 Tf
1.6441 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(L)Tj
1.2699 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(PBS)Tj
1.8312 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(exposed)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(fleas)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(fed)Tj
1.4627 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(blood)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(infected)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(200)Tj
/F16 1 Tf
1.6497 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
(L)Tj
1.2642 0 Td
(of)Tj
-36.5666 -1.2983 Td
(bacterial)Tj
3.6226 0 Td
(suspension)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(15)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(These)Tj
2.5681 0 Td
(meals)Tj
2.5059 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(delivered)Tj
3.8891 0 Td
(every)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(48)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5172 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 183.2882 23.6976 re
W* n
q
183.2315 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 386.4188 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Detectio)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(n)Tj
0.7653 0 Td
(of)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
1.0418 0 Td
(Bartonella)Tj
4.6347 0 Td
(spp)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
(.)Tj
2.0834 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.978 0 Td
(fleas)Tj
2.289 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.2614 0 Td
(MALDI-TO)Tj
4.7268 0 Td
(F)Tj
0.8292 0 Td
(MS)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
163.5591 34.9228 m
317.7071 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(Neglected)Tj
4.6417 0 Td
(Tropical)Tj
3.7135 0 Td
(Disease)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(s)Tj
0.7158 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8197 0 Td
(1/journal.pn)Tj
5.1237 0 Td
(td.00061)Tj
3.8197 0 Td
(89)Tj
0 g
2.0905 0 Td
(February)Tj
4.1599 0 Td
(16,)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(2018)Tj
23.1805 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
61 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
62 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
63 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
64 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
65 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
66 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
67 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
68 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(14)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
69 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 11 0 R/Annots 71 0 R/Contents 72 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
70 0 obj
<>
endobj
73 0 obj
<>stream
/CIDInit/ProcSet findresource begin
12 dict begin begincmap
/CMapName/Adobe-Identity-UCS def
/CIDSystemInfo<>def
/CMapType 2 def
1 begincodespacerange
<0000>
endcodespacerange
1 beginbfchar
<010B><03B1>
endbfchar
endcmap
CMapName currentdict /CMap defineresource pop end end
endstream
endobj
74 0 obj
<>/FontDescriptor 75 0 R/DW 250/W[267[578]]>>
endobj
75 0 obj
<>
endobj
76 0 obj
<>stream
cvt f6 fpgm2Msf bglyf屎c headp# 6hhea1 $hmtx&O