The Djoudj Birds National Park (DBNP) is facing a threatening environmental problem. These include mainly the proliferation of invasive plants (especially herbaceous) that affect the functioning of the DBNP aquatic ecosystems which and disrupts circulation in the plan of water. Besides, an anthropic pressure increases the degradation of these areas. Facing the difficulty and the necessity to solve it, we undertook this study. At first, we used the phytosociological releves method of Braun-Blanquet to identify the various groupings of plants of the herbaceous stratum through six sites. Secondly, soil samples were taken and analyzed to determine main physical and chemical parameters influencing the development of the plant grouping. The phytosociological releves method has enabled us to identify 12 herbaceous plants grouping. Through the physical and the chemical soil components and the different ecologic factors, the herbaceous plants groupings have been characterized, showing thus the link between plants and environmental factors. Therefore, the spread of weeds that disrupt the plan of water depends partly on physical and chemical conditions of the substratum.