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            <title xml:lang="pt">Desenvolvimento de um Indicador de Risco de Contaminação das Águas Superficiais por Pesticidas: Aplicação a Bacia do Itajaí — Brasil</title>
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              <p>In the process of water resources management, managers need to support their decisions and diagnose the environmental risks related to non-point pollution due to agricultural activities. Environmental risk indicators seem to be efficient tools to help water managers because they are developed from available variables, easily calculated and interpreted. In this context, a risk indicator of contamination of surface waters by pesticides was developed. It considers factors such as slope, distance between plots and watercourses, type of soil and pressures resulting from land use. Pressures are represented by the risk of contamination associated with different pesticide molecules used on the main cultures. The indicator was applied in the Itajaí catchment in southern Brazil. Available spatial data are digital elevation model, types of soil, land use and land cover obtainedby treatment of LANDSAT TM 7 images (30 x 30 m pixel of the year 2000). The main pesticide molecules were classified as to environmental risks, by the French method SIRIS. The objective of the paper is to discuss the development of each factor and finally the pertinence of the developed indicator.</p>
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              <p>Os indicadores são ferramentas de apoio para a tomada de decisão e de diagnóstico dos riscos agro-ambientais, apartir de variáveis pertinentes, facilmente calculáveis e interpretáveis. Neste contexto, foi desenvolvido um indicador de risco de contaminação das águas superficiais por pesticidas. Ele considera os fatores que influenciam o transporte das substâncias em direção às águas superficiais, como a declividade da vertente, a distância aos cursos de água, o tipo de solo e as pressões resultantes da ocupação do solo, representadas pelo risco de contaminação associado aos diferentes pesticidas utilizados nas principais culturas desenvolvidas na bacia hidrográfica. Cada fator de risco é traduzido por um critério mensurável à escala da célula (grade). A aplicação do indicador foi realizada sobre a bacia hidrográfica do Itajaí, situada no sul do Brasil. Esta bacia, de 15000 km2, apresenta atividades agrícolas, urbanas e industriais. As principais culturas agrícolas são arroz, milho, cebola, fumo, feijão e banana. Os dados espaciais disponíveis são a pedologia, a hidrografia, o modelo numérico de terreno, a ocupação do solo obtida por tratamento de imagens de satélite LANDSAT TM 7, e os principais pesticidas aplicados. Os pesticidas são classificados quanto ao potencial de degradação ambiental dos corpos de água pelo método de ordenação de risco SIRIS (System of Integration of Risk with Interaction of Scores). A aplicação do indicador à escala espacial da bacia hidrográfica permite identificar as zonas de ação prioritárias, espaços nos quais intervêm os gestores de recursos hídricos.</p>
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