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            <funder>This work was supported by an ATIP-plus grant from Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Nucleopol, Ribeuc, and program JCJC), Jeune équipe from FRM, and University Paul Sabatier (a fellowship for J. Mathon). This work is a French-Indian collaborative effort funded by Indo-French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research (IFCPAR) Project 4103 between the laboratories of Dr. Bhargava and Dr. Gadal.</funder>
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              <p>Chromosomes architecture is viewed as a key component of gene regulation, but principles of chromosomal folding remain elusive. Here we used high-throughput live cell microscopy to characterize the conformation and dynamics of the longest chromosome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (XII). Chromosome XII carries the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) that defines the nucleolus, a major hallmark of nuclear organization. We determined intranuclear positions of 15 loci distributed every ~100 kb along the chromosome, and investigated their motion over broad time scales (0.2-400 s). Loci positions and motions, except for the rDNA, were consistent with a computational model of chromosomes based on tethered polymers and with the Rouse model from polymer physics, respectively. Furthermore, rapamycin-dependent transcriptional reprogramming of the genome only marginally affected the chromosome XII internal large-scale organization. Our comprehensive investigation of chromosome XII is thus in agreement with recent studies and models in which long-range architecture is largely determined by the physical principles of tethered polymers and volume exclusion.</p>
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