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                <term xml:lang="en">Hybrid modes</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Geometric approaches</term>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Bipedal robotic locomotion</term>
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              <p>The fields of control and robotics are working toward the development of bipedal robots that can realize walking motions with the stability and agility of a human being. Dynamic models for bipeds are hybrid in nature. They contain both continuous and discrete elements, with switching events that are governed by a combination of unilateral constraints and impulse-like forces that occur at foot touchdown. Control laws for these machines must be hybrid as well. The goals of this paper are fourfold: highlight certain properties of the models which greatly influence the control law design; overview the literature; present two control design approaches in depth; and indicate some of the many open problems.</p>
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