Surface micro/nano-texturing combined with the presence of fluorine atoms can result in superhydrophobicity. Different strategies are investigated in order to determine the critical parameters to reach such properties. On the one hand, fluorine atoms were grafted by direct fluorination of carbon nanofibers (treatment with gaseous F2 resulted in samples denoted F-CNF), and on the other hand, fluorinated polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride PDVF or poly(ethylene oxide) PEO fluorinated with F2 as well as commercial hydrophobic polymers like polystyrene (PS) were used as binders and/or polymer matrix to produce nanocomposites. Stable superhydrophobic properties are obtained with F-CNF/PVDF nanocomposites micro-textured with femtosecond laser ablation and F-CNF/PS nanocomposites, with water contact angles of 157° and 155° respectively. Polystyrene was also covalently grafted onto the nanofiber surface through a two-step process: fluorination followed by monomer grafting. The polymerization of styrene ensures both covalent grafting onto the carbonaceous surface and a good dispersion of nanofibers inside the polymer lattice. Moreover, CF bonds exhibit a covalent nature in fluorinated nanofibers, in PVDF, in fluorinated PEO and in the fluorinated resin and ensure an improved chemical stability for the studied nanocomposites and micro-textured resin. Comparison of the water contact angles for nanocomposites with PS, PVDF, PEO and fluorinated PEO highlights that the polymer matrix imposes its surface chemistry whereas the emergence of nanofibers results in a necessary nano-texturing.