18% of the French population suffer from mental disorders. Some studies suggested that aircraft noise exposure may increase psychological distress, but the number of these studies is limited and no one exists in France. We investigated associations between aircraft noise exposure and psychological distress for people living near airports in France. The DEBATS longitudinal study included 1,244 residents around three French airports: Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle, Toulouse-Blagnac, and Lyon-Saint-Exupéry. Information about psychological distress was assessed by a face-to-face questionnaire, including the 12-version of the General Health Questionnaire. Aircraft noise exposure was evaluated for each participant's home address using the integrated noise model. Associations with psychological distress were investigated using logistic and linear regressions including relevant confounders. 13% of the participants reported symptom of depression and 22% were considered to have psychological distress according the GHQ-score. No association was found between exposure to aircraft noise and symptom of depression or psychological distress. This result partly confirms the findings of the few studies investigating this association.