Objectives: This is the first research article examining non-fatal suicidal behaviours (NFSB) in French Polynesia. The study was conducted in the frames of the WHO/START Study in 2008–2010. The main objective of the investigation was to obtain reliable data in order to develop evidence-based suicide prevention strategies. Method: Interviews with people presenting with NFSB at the Emergency Department (ED) of the French Polynesia Hospital (CHPF) were conducted by emergency and psychiatry departments' staff examining socio-demographic and clinical information and motives triggering suicidal behaviour. Odds ratios and rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: There were 556 presentations of NFSB by 515 persons at the ED of CHPF (ratio 1.08) with the average rate of 75 per 100,000 for those treated in the hospital. An estimate of cases occurring in remote islands might bring the rate for the whole French Polynesia around 94 per 100,000. NFSB was more prevalent in females; rates for both genders were highest in the age group 25–35 years and 15–24 years. The main suicide method was drug poisoning by psychotropic drugs. The most frequent psychiatric disorder was mood disorder (45.3%); however, 26% of subjects had no 'major' psychiatric disorders, with 14.5% without a psychiatric diagnosis or only reactive disorders (F43-11.7%). There was a high prevalence of previous NFSB (52.1%). Limitations: Study includes only NFSB seeking medical help from the biggest hospital in the country. Conclusion: Suicide prevention activities specific to the findings and the socio-cultural context of French Polynesia should be considered.