Poleroviruses are phloem-limited RNA viruses strictly transmitted by aphids in a circulative and non-propagative mode. Virus particles, acquired by aphids on infected plants, successively cross intestinal and accessory salivary gland cells by transcytosis before being released, together with saliva, into a plant during aphid feeding. Virus transport through the epithelia relies on the presence of specific virus receptors. Identification of these receptors could eventually result in the development of innovative strategies to block virus acquisition by aphids. The Ephrin receptor (Ephr) from Myzus persicae has been reviously identified by yeast two hybrid as a potential partner of the structural proteins of Turnip yellows virus (TuYV, genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae). Ephr is a membrane protein involved in cell communication and endocytosis in mammalian cells. In order to address its function in TuYV transmission by M. persicae, we developed several strategies (1), all based on the RNA interference mechanism, to inhibit expression of Ephr in M. persicae. The oral acquisition of in vitro synthetized dsRNA targeting Ephr and the acquisition of dsRNA, or siRNA, from transgenic plants expressing an RNA hairpin, resulted in an inhibition of the accumulation of Ephr-mRNA in M. persicae. When fed on a viral source, these Ephr-silenced aphids showed a lower internalization of viral genomes into their body. Although the feeding behaviour and the fecundity of the Ephr-silenced aphids were not affected by the reduction of Ephr expression, TuYV transmission was reproducibly reduced. Preliminary experiments showed that transmission inhibition of another related polerovirus, the Beet mild yellowing virus, was also obtained when using Ephr-silenced aphids. Taken together, these experiments strongly suggest implication of Ephr in polerovirus transmission. Whether Ephr encodes a true virus receptor or a co-receptor still needs to be elucidated.