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            <title xml:lang="en">Shape-memory bionanocomposites based on chitin nanocrystals and thermoplastic polyurethane with a highly crystalline soft segment</title>
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                <forename type="first">A.</forename>
                <surname>Saralegi</surname>
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                <forename type="first">Susana C.M.</forename>
                <surname>Fernandes</surname>
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                <forename type="first">T.</forename>
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                <forename type="first">E.J.</forename>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Biomacromolecules&lt;/i&gt;, 2013, 14 (12), pp.4475-4482. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm401385c"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1021/bm401385c&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Shape-memory bionanocomposites based on chitin nanocrystals and thermoplastic polyurethane with a highly crystalline soft segment</title>
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                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">A.</forename>
                    <surname>Saralegi</surname>
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                    <forename type="first">T.</forename>
                    <surname>Palomares</surname>
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                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">E.J.</forename>
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                    <surname>Eceiza</surname>
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                    <forename type="first">M.A.</forename>
                    <surname>Corcuera</surname>
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                <title level="j">Biomacromolecules</title>
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                  <publisher>American Chemical Society</publisher>
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                  <date type="datePub">2013</date>
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            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>Shape-memory bionanocomposites based on a naturally sourced segmented thermoplastic polyurethane and chitin nanocrystals were synthesized, and their mechanical properties and thermally activated shape-memory behavior were studied. The chitin nanocrystals were incorporated during the synthesis of the prepolymer made from a castor oil-based difunctional polyol and hexamethylene diisocyanate. The polymerization was completed by addition of propanediol, as a corn-sugar based chain extender, bringing the weight content of components from renewable resources to &gt;60%. Thermal analysis of the bionanocomposites revealed a phase-separated morphology, which is composed of soft and hard domains, which bestow the material with two melting transitions at 60 and 125 C, that are exploitable for a shape memory effect. The soft segment is responsible for temporary shape fixing, while the hard segment crystallites are responsible for the permanent shape. The introduction of small amounts (0.25-2 wt %) of chitin nanocrystals was found to increase the crystallinity of the hard segment by way of nucleation, which in turn improves the shape recovery considerably. The thermally activated shape-memory behavior of the synthesized bionancomposites is exploitable with a programming and release temperature of 60 C. The materials display good in vitro cell response, as shown by short-term cytotoxicity assays, and therefore, the bionanocomposites appear to be potentially useful for biomedical applications. © 2013 American Chemical Society.</p>
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              <addrLine>Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro</addrLine>
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