Fluvial and coastal dikes are the primary protection for human life from natural hazards like flooding or wave action. To build these hydraulic earthworks requires many materials with specific performances in terms of workability, mechanical strength, permeability, resistance to erosion, etc. Very often, local material does not meet requirements imposed by standards, and the transportation of material over long distances is only a short-term solution from an environmental point of view. Lime is used for construction purposes because it decreases the plasticity index and water content of soil, which facilitates compaction and improves its mechanical performance over time. However, the resistance to erosion of lime-treated earthwork remains little known and this is one of the reasons why lime has not been applied to dikes yet. The engineering behavior of lime-treated dikes depends on the lime-soil interaction and environmental impacts. This study focuses on the comparison between raw and treated material behaviors regarding erosion processes and the effects of water. Erosion tests were carried out on two full-scale experimental dry dikes and laboratory samples for different curing times. Three types of tests were performed: Mobile Jet Erosion Test (an apparatus that can be used either in the laboratory or in the field), Hole Erosion Test (an efficient and convenient laboratory apparatus) and Enhanced Crumb Test (an evolution of the ASTM Crumb Test). In all configurations (soil and apparatus), this study reports a great increase in the resistance to erosion of the treated materials, which leads to a significant reduction in the risk of both internal and surface erosion of earthworks. Last, we discuss the application of these materials for building coastal dikes (characterization of the sustainability of lime treated soil versus saline environment, wetting-drying cycles etc.), and the possible monitoring of such a full-scale coastal dike by geophysical methods.