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Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2016

From Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) discovery to nutrigenetics

Michel Jacques M.J. Duclos
Agnès Narcy
Sandrine Grasteau

Résumé

The study of the interactions between genetics and nutrition has gained new impetus with the development of high-throughput genomic approaches allowing for a comprehensive approach of the variability of gene sequences or activity. The object of nutrigenetics is to identify the genetic determinants (sequence polymorphisms) of the variability of individual responses to nutrition. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a chromosomal region involved in the control of quantitative phenotypic traits. Based on the knowledge of the chicken genome sequence, numerous positional candidate genes can be proposed within a QTL region, and further evaluation is needed to test the link between polymorphism of those genes, their activity and the expression of the phenotype. As a proof of principle that such an approach is relevant to nutrigenetics, we identified a polymorphism in the gene encoding the enzyme -carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1), which affected the response to dietary intake of -carotene in term of plasma, liver and duodenal concentrations of lutein. Another project aims to identify the genetic determinants of digestive ability through the development and characterization of two experimental lines of chickens divergently selected for this trait. Recently, chromosomal regions controlling this trait have been identified, and further studies of sequence polymorphisms and gene expression (functional genomics) data in extreme animals issued from a cross population are underway. Eventually, the tools of nutrigenetics will predict the potential for adaptation of genotypes to various feeds. Nutrigenomics, allowing a better understanding of the mechanisms by which nutrition affects gene activity, is expected to propose new nutritional strategies to guide phenotypes and new selection strategies to improve birds’ ability to adapt to different diets. The combination of both approaches should permit to identify genes controlling those phenotypes.
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Dates et versions

hal-01589695 , version 1 (18-09-2017)

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Paternité - Partage selon les Conditions Initiales

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  • HAL Id : hal-01589695 , version 1
  • PRODINRA : 405867

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Michel Jacques M.J. Duclos, Agnès Narcy, Sandrine Grasteau. From Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) discovery to nutrigenetics. 18. World's Poultry Congress, World's Poultry Science Association (WPSA). INT., Sep 2016, Pekin, China. ⟨hal-01589695⟩
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