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Article Dans Une Revue Ergonomics Année : 2008

Studying work practices: a key factor in understanding accidents on the level triggered by a balance disturbance

Résumé

Accidents on the level (AOL) rank second amongst the most numerous and serious occupational accidents with days lost in France and are a major health and safety problem in every sector of activity. The case study described in this paper was conducted at a metallurgical company with 300 employees. The aims of this work were dual: 1) to extend the general knowledge required for preventing these accidents; 2) to propose prevention measures to this company. Existing data on company occupational accidents were gathered and analysed to identify a work situation that appeared likely to cause AOL. This work situation was analysed in detail. Several risk factors were identified within this work situation, by way of interviews with 12 operators. These risk factors concerned various dimensions of the work situation, particularly its physical dimension (e.g. templates structure) and organisational dimension (e.g. parts availability). Interviews were conducted, focusing on risk factors perceived by operators and involving allo-confrontations based on accounts of four AOL occurring in this situation. Allo-confrontations were interviews confronting operators with a risk occupational situation that was accidental for one of their colleagues, the latter being absent from the interview. Results highlighted the fact that the work practices implemented are key factors in understanding these accidents. This study underlines the role of work practices in AOL causality and prevention. It also provides explanations associated with various work situation dimensions involving adoption of more or less safe work practices. AOL are serious and frequent in occupational situations. Injury claims analysis and interviews in an industrial company emphasise the specific characteristics of an occupational situation and of prevention actions forming the basis of an intervention. The need for a better understanding of factors affecting work practice is highlighted in relation to research.
Classés au second rang des accidents les plus nombreux et les plus graves parmi les accidents du travail (AT) avec arrêt en France, les accidents de plain pied (APP) sont un problème majeur dans tous les secteurs d'activité. L'étude de cas présentée ici a été effectuée dans une entreprise de la métallurgie d'environ 300 salariés. Par le biais de recueil de données existantes sur les accidents du travail de l'entreprise, d'observations et d'entretiens, plusieurs facteurs de risque ont été identifiés au sein d'une situation de travail apparue comme étant plus propice à la survenue de ces accidents. Les entretiens concernant les facteurs de risque perçus par les opérateurs ainsi que les allo-confrontations portant sur les récits de 4 APP survenus dans cette situation mettent en évidence le fait que les pratiques de travail utilisées sont des éléments clés dans la compréhension de ces accidents.
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Dates et versions

hal-01578559 , version 1 (29-08-2017)

Identifiants

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Carine Derosier, Sylvie Leclercq, Pierre Rabardel, P. Langa. Studying work practices: a key factor in understanding accidents on the level triggered by a balance disturbance. Ergonomics, 2008, 51 (12), pp.1926-1943. ⟨10.1080/00140130802567061⟩. ⟨hal-01578559⟩
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