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              <p>Chirality, which means handedness, is a general property of asymmetry that is of prior importance in many fields of modern physics and biology. An object, or a system, is said to be chiral if it is not identical to its mirror image. Many materials exhibit chirality at different scales. At the microscopic scale chirality can be observed, for example, in chemistry, biological molecules (amino acids, protein, sugar), crystals, liquid crystals. Chiral organization is also observed at larger scales in bones, fiber-reinforced composites, mechanical structures. Effect of chirality on optical wave propagation is known since the first half of the 19th century with the work on crystal optical activity by, among others, Arago, Biot and Pasteur. But contrary to electromagnetism, the classical theory of elasticity is not chiral sensitive, although mechanical evidence of its importance has been reported in numerous and various situations. As a consequence, during the last few decades, different attempts have been made to extend the classical framework of elasticity in order to make it chirality-dependent. As shown in [1] a continuum description of chirality can be achieved using generalized continua theories.</p>
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              <p>La chiralité est une propriété générale d'asymétrie qui est d'importance primordiale dans de nombreux domaines de la physique et de la biologie modernes. Un objet, ou un système, est dit être chiral s'il n'est pas identique à son image miroir. Beaucoup de matériaux présentent une chiralité à différentes échelles. À l'échelle microscopique la chiralité peut être observée, par exemple, en chimie, dans des molécules biologiques (acides aminés, protéines, sucre), dans des cristaux, dans des cristaux liquides. Une organisation chirale est également observée à plus grande échelle dans les os, les composites renforcés par des fibres, les structures mécaniques. L'effet de la chiralité sur la propagation d'onde en optique est connu depuis la première moitié du 19ème siècle, avec les travaux sur l'activité optique des cristaux par, entre autres, Arago, Biot et Pasteur. Contrairement à l'électromagnétisme, la théorie classique de l'élasticité n'est pas sensible à la chiralité, bien que les preuves mécaniques de son importance ont été rapportés dans des situations nombreuses et variées. En conséquence, au cours des dernières décennies, différentes tentatives ont été faites pour étendre le cadre classique d'élasticité afin de le rendre dépendant chiralité. Comme montré en [1], une description continue de la chiralité peut être obtenue en utilisant les théories de milieux continus généralisés.</p>
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