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Article Dans Une Revue Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Année : 2016

Insights into global diatom distribution and diversity in the world's ocean

Shruti Malviya
  • Fonction : Auteur
Eleonora Scalco
  • Fonction : Auteur
Stephane Audic
Flora Vincenta
  • Fonction : Auteur
Alaguraj Veluchamy
Julie Poulain
Patrick Wincker
Daniele Iudicone
Colomban De Vargas
Adriana Zingone
Chris Bowler

Résumé

Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) constitute one of the most diverse and ecologically important groups of phytoplankton. They are considered to be particularly important in nutrient-rich coastal ecosystems and at high latitudes, but considerably less so in the oligotrophic open ocean. The Tara Oceans circumnavigation collected samples from a wide range of oceanic regions using a standardized sampling procedure. Here, a total of similar to 12 million diatom V9-18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) ribotypes, derived from 293 size-fractionated plankton communities collected at 46 sampling sites across the global ocean euphotic zone, have been analyzed to explore diatom global diversity and community composition. We provide a new estimate of diversity of marine planktonic diatoms at 4,748 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Based on the total assigned ribotypes, Chaetoceros was the most abundant and diverse genus, followed by Fragilariopsis, Thalassiosira, and Corethron. We found only a few cosmopolitan ribotypes displaying an even distribution across stations and high abundance, many of which could not be assigned with confidence to any known genus. Three distinct communities from South Pacific, Mediterranean, and Southern Ocean waters were identified that share a substantial percentage of ribotypes within them. Sudden drops in diversity were observed at Cape Agulhas, which separates the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, and across the Drake Passage between the Atlantic and Southern Oceans, indicating the importance of these ocean circulation choke points in constraining diatom distribution and diversity. We also observed high diatom diversity in the open ocean, suggesting that diatoms may be more relevant in these oceanic systems than generally considered.

Dates et versions

hal-01545320 , version 1 (22-06-2017)

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Citer

Shruti Malviya, Eleonora Scalco, Stephane Audic, Flora Vincenta, Alaguraj Veluchamy, et al.. Insights into global diatom distribution and diversity in the world's ocean. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016, 113 (11), pp.E1516-E1525. ⟨10.1073/pnas.1509523113⟩. ⟨hal-01545320⟩
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