Macrofossil studies consist in the identification of preserved seeds, bud- or catkin-scales, leaves, stems, roots as well as macro-charcoals, insect cases or elytra, fungi sclerotia and inerogenic particles, but the use of such analyses is still not a standard. Yet, macrofossil analyses provide significant environmental information thanks to (1) a high level of taxonomic identification and (2) to a local origin of remains due to limited dispersal from the source. In combination with other proxies such as pollen, macrofossil analyses allow a detailed reconstitution of palaeoenvironmental conditions at local and regional scale. Most of all, groups of such remains do highly add to our understanding of ecological, hydrological and morphogenesis evolutions. Thanks to an integrated study (macrofossils, palynology and sedimentology) linked with local to regional archaeological surveys, Holocene peat sequences from the Béage volcanic plateau (S-E Massif Central, France) has shed light on three major phases of human impact. First, limited agro-pastoral impact of Neolithic groups was revealed, with cyclic clearings affecting the oak (Quercus) forests, and inflows of terrestrial fungi due to watershed erosion. Then, a continuous human presence is demonstrated from the mid-La Tène period to the early Middle Ages, including clearings of beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests and growing of local cereals. And finally, an increasing anthropogenic impact occurred after AD 1,000, leading to massive erosion due to food-producing agriculture for a growing population together with an extensive livestock system. Overlapping data since the mid-La Tène period indicate that human presence and climatic deteriorations are not mutually exclusive, and may have been sometimes synchronous. Thus, humans may have inhabited mid-mountain areas even during periods of climate change.