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                <term xml:lang="fr"> Holocène</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr"> Aquitaine</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr"> Médoc</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr"> estuaire de la Gironde</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr"> littoral atlantique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr"> marais</term>
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              <p>La pointe nord du Médoc constitue un espace vulnérable qui a connu de profondes modifications au cours de l'Holocène. Le recul rapide du trait de côte se solde par la mise a nu d'horizons sédimentaires renfermant des vestiges archéologiques exceptionnels, en terme de densité et de degré de conservation. Depuis trois ans, un programme de recherche inter-disciplinaire s'est donné pour objectif de caractériser, topographier et dater les différentes formations sédimentaires et les sites archéologiques afin de restituer les grandes étapes de l'histoire du littoral nord-médocain sur la longue durée. Les activités humaines ont laissé des traces révélant une intense exploitation et fréquentation de ces zones humides datéesentre le Néolithique et l'Antiquité tardive. La nature des sols a favorisé la conservation d'éléments organiques -tels que poteaux, aménagements en bois et végétaux...-, d'empreintes d'animaux, de chemins, de mobilier etc. Les nouvelles recherches permettent de replacer ces découvertes archéologiques dans un contexte chrono-stratigraphique précis et d'identifier les spécificités d'une économie littorale dans laquelle la production du sel occupe une place importante. La stratigraphie des dépôts met en évidence deux phases de sédimentation à caractère estuarien à l'emplacement de l'actuelle plage de l'Amélie. Les sédiments argilo-limoneux à l'affleurement présentent des faciès typiques de vasières intertidales, de prés-salés et de tourbières saumâtres. Ce secteur correspondait initialement à une dépression arrière dunaire, connectée aux rives de la Gironde et occupée par un marais maritime. L'étude des dépôts affleurants permet de tracer les limites Nord-Sud de cet ancien marais et d'identifier, entre les deux grandes phases de sédimentation, un événement érosif daté de l'âge du Bronze final, au cours duquel le marais s'ouvre aux influences marines. Cette chronologie et ce mode de remplissage sont similaires à ce qui a été observé dans les marais actuels du Nord-Médoc. Une période d'érosion des systèmes dunaires et de recul important du trait de côte est ici mise en évidence entre 1200 et 800 BC. Une seconde phase de sédimentation estuarienne débute vraisemblablement a la n du Bronze final, lorsqu'un nouveau complexe dunaire se met en place sur la péninsule du Nord-Médoc. Au début de notre ère, le système dunaire progresse vers l'intérieur des terres et les sables éoliens viennent recouvrir les dépôts estuariens. La datation des paléosols dunaires indique que les périodes d'activité éolienne et les phases de stabilité dunaire ne sont pas synchrones avec celles identifiées sur le littoral Aquitain. Tandis que la chronologie des dunes aquitaines semble déterminée principalement par le forcage climatique, celle des côtes du Nord-Médoc suppose également l'intervention de processus rétroactifs liés aux mouvements sédimentaires à l'embouchure de la Gironde.</p>
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