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              <p>&lt;p&gt;Behavioural traits can vary between individuals from the same population. These differences can involve&lt;br /&gt;consistent variation in the level of a particular behaviour (personality) or differences in the way individuals&lt;br /&gt;adjust their behaviour to environmental gradients (plasticity). In prey species, feeding rates and&lt;br /&gt;vigilance vary with environmental, social and individual factors and the feeding rate/vigilance relationship&lt;br /&gt;reflects the trade-off between food acquisition and safety. While feeding rates and vigilance&lt;br /&gt;have been shown to vary between individuals in relation to group size and predation risk, how they&lt;br /&gt;relate to other factors has not yet been investigated, nor has between-individual variation in this tradeoff.&lt;br /&gt;We studied between-individual variation in vigilance, feeding rates and their trade-off in female&lt;br /&gt;eastern grey kangaroos, Macropus giganteus, to see whether females showed consistent behavioural&lt;br /&gt;differences and different plasticity in relation to ecological (food patch richness), social (group sizes) and&lt;br /&gt;physiological (reproductive states) conditions. We addressed two contrasting hypotheses: an ‘ecological’&lt;br /&gt;hypothesis under which individuals facing the same conditions should behave similarly, and a ‘behavioural’&lt;br /&gt;hypothesis under which they should behave differently because of their own personality or&lt;br /&gt;plasticity. Female kangaroos tended to adjust their behaviours similarly in relation to ecological and&lt;br /&gt;social conditions, supporting the ecological hypothesis. However, they also showed differences in personality&lt;br /&gt;and plasticity in relation to their reproductive states that could not be explained by energetic&lt;br /&gt;demand alone; this was suggestive of different maternal strategies, thus supporting the behavioural&lt;br /&gt;hypothesis. Altogether these results suggest that consistent differences in animals’ personality and&lt;br /&gt;behavioural plasticity can be promoted by physiological conditions and are not necessarily repeatable&lt;br /&gt;across different ecological contexts.&lt;/p&gt;</p>
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