The research object of this contribution was undertaken within the framework of the project " Representations, behaviors and malaria management in a plantation in tropical forest (southern Cameroon) " ,coordinated by Daniel Bley and Nicole Vernazza-Licht (for the North) and Séverin Cécil Abega (for the South). It forms one of the projects financed by the Pal+ Program of the French Institute of Research for Development (IRD), entitled " Research on malaria and its association with other transmissible diseases, for developing countries ". We propose to examine, in the interface or junction of Geography, entomology and socio-anthropology, the physical and human factors which explain the endemicity of malaria in the plantation of HEVECAM. Our center of interest is thus the anopheles mosquito, the vector of the said disease, of which we study the ecology and the conditions of reproduction and development. Our research is of experimental type. Indeed it is based on a solid fieldwork, made of direct observations and social investigations. The scientific objective rests on a strong assumption, namely that a durable prevention of malaria passes by the control of the anopheles mosquito, itself tributary of capitalization of knowledge which one lays out on their reproduction and way of life. Keywords : ecology of anopheles mosquito, geography of health, geo-anthropology of malaria, entomology, prevention of malaria, interdisciplinarity of social sciences.