<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-01428942</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-16T10:07:09+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Alteration of fossil-bearing shale (Autun Basin, France; Permian), part I: Characterizing iron speciation and its vulnerability to weathering by combined use of Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, porosimetry and permeability measurements</title>
            <title xml:lang="fr">Dégradation de schistes argileux fossilifères (bassin d’Autun, France, Permien), partie I : caractérisation de la spéciation et de la réactivité du fer par spectrométrie Mössbauer, diffraction des rayons X, porosimétrie et mesure de perméabilité</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Giliane P.</forename>
                <surname>Odin</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">e5df5790cfe6c9b4293b99559c3eda3c</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-eiffel.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1127819</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">949088-1127819</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-123706"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-421776"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Thomas</forename>
                <surname>Cabaret</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">7c838bf97f1b5ebd9da18ab3406d3cf0</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-pau.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1045331</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1560964-1045331</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-421776"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Jean Didier</forename>
                <surname>Mertz</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">528541-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-421776"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-439872"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Beatriz</forename>
                <surname>Menendez</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">e6097bed7d3d48fdf6de4f4acad5fa48</email>
              <email type="domain">cyu.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">beatriz-menendez</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">21383</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1837-21383</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-2891</idno>
              <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=pBsLTMwAAAAJ</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-110346"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Laetitia</forename>
                <surname>Etienne</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">4c7393de89b5d11be99598bdb2bdf479</email>
              <email type="domain">icmcb.cnrs.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">laetitia-etienne</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1233383</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">500502-1233383</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1798-7074</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/268249687</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-481"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Alain</forename>
                <surname>Wattiaux</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">129147-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-481"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Véronique</forename>
                <surname>Rouchon</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">7baa308e4ad99d98dd4fa226f90829c7</email>
              <email type="domain">mnhn.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">rouchon</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">4007</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">25637-4007</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0439-2497</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-421776"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Oulfa</forename>
                <surname>Belhadj</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">9de68e7ffa3adcca6b0305ddca2d1870</email>
              <email type="domain">mnhn.fr</email>
            </editor>
            <funder>Labex Patrima</funder>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2017-01-12 15:15:32</date>
              <date type="whenWritten">2014-01-07</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-06-12 15:05:24</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2017-01-17 16:41:48</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2015</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2017-01-06</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-01428942v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2017-01-06"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="publisherAgreement" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-01428942v1/file/Odin_I.pdf" id="file-1428942-1515697">
                <date notBefore="2017-01-06"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01428942/file/Odin_I.pdf"/>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="480975">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Oulfa</forename>
                  <surname>Belhadj</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">9de68e7ffa3adcca6b0305ddca2d1870</email>
                <email type="domain">mnhn.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-01428942</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-01428942</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">odin:hal-01428942</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Annales de Paléontologie&lt;/i&gt;, 2015, 101 (2), pp.75-85. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annpal.2015.01.002"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1016/j.annpal.2015.01.002&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Annales de Paléontologie, 2015, 101 (2), pp.75-85. &amp;#x27E8;10.1016/j.annpal.2015.01.002&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-1428942-1515697"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="MNHN">Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UPMC" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Université Pierre et Marie Curie</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-CERGY">Université de Cergy Pontoise</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ICMCB">Institut de chimie de la matière condensée de Bordeaux</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GIP-BE">GIP Bretagne Environnement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CR2P" corresp="MNHN">Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="FSP-PATRIMA">Fondation des sciences du patrimoine – LabEx PATRIMA</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INC-CNRS">Institut de Chimie du CNRS</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CONSERVATION">Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UPMC_POLE_3" corresp="UPMC">UPMC Pôle 3</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-SCIENCES" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Faculté des Sciences de Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="I-MAT" corresp="UNIV-CERGY">Fédération INSTITUT DES MATERIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GEC-EA4506" corresp="UNIV-CERGY">Géosciences environnement Cergy</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CY-TECH-SE" corresp="UNIV-CERGY">CY TECH : Sciences expérimentales</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-TI">Sorbonne Université - Texte Intégral</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ALLIANCE-SU"> Alliance Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TEST2-HALCNRS">TEST2-HALCNRS</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LRMH">Laboratoire de recherche des monuments historiques</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIVERSITE-BORDEAUX">Université de Bordeaux</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Alteration of fossil-bearing shale (Autun Basin, France; Permian), part I: Characterizing iron speciation and its vulnerability to weathering by combined use of Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, porosimetry and permeability measurements</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Dégradation de schistes argileux fossilifères (bassin d’Autun, France, Permien), partie I : caractérisation de la spéciation et de la réactivité du fer par spectrométrie Mössbauer, diffraction des rayons X, porosimétrie et mesure de perméabilité</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Giliane P.</forename>
                    <surname>Odin</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">e5df5790cfe6c9b4293b99559c3eda3c</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-eiffel.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1127819</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">949088-1127819</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-123706"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-421776"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Thomas</forename>
                    <surname>Cabaret</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">7c838bf97f1b5ebd9da18ab3406d3cf0</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-pau.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1045331</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1560964-1045331</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-421776"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Jean Didier</forename>
                    <surname>Mertz</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">528541-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-421776"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-439872"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Beatriz</forename>
                    <surname>Menendez</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">e6097bed7d3d48fdf6de4f4acad5fa48</email>
                  <email type="domain">cyu.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">beatriz-menendez</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">21383</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1837-21383</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-2891</idno>
                  <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=pBsLTMwAAAAJ</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-110346"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Laetitia</forename>
                    <surname>Etienne</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">4c7393de89b5d11be99598bdb2bdf479</email>
                  <email type="domain">icmcb.cnrs.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">laetitia-etienne</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1233383</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">500502-1233383</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1798-7074</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/268249687</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-481"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Alain</forename>
                    <surname>Wattiaux</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">129147-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-481"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Véronique</forename>
                    <surname>Rouchon</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">7baa308e4ad99d98dd4fa226f90829c7</email>
                  <email type="domain">mnhn.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">rouchon</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">4007</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">25637-4007</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0439-2497</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-421776"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="localRef">2015-088 (ICMCB)</idno>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">38281</idno>
                <idno type="issn">0753-3969</idno>
                <title level="j">Annales de Paléontologie</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Elsevier Masson</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">101</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">75-85</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2015</date>
                  <date type="dateEpub">2015-02-09</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1016/j.annpal.2015.01.002</idno>
              <ref type="publisher">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753396915000038</ref>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">Shale</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Clay</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Mössbauer</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Fossil</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Pyrite</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Autun Basin</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Oxidation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Iron Sulfide</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Shale</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdu.stu.gc">Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdu.stu.mi">Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdu.stu.pg">Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>Fossil-bearing shale specimens that include sulfides in their compositions are chemically reactive and sometimes also mechanically fragile. This decay is often related to iron sulfate efflorescence resulting from the oxidation of sulfide compounds. The processes underlying these degradations are poorly known, thus impeding the elaboration of curative or preventive treatments. The present contribution aims to identify the origin of museum specimen alterations. It focuses on the Flouest collection housed at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN, Paris, France) and originating from the Autun Basin (Saône-et-Loire,France; Permian). To evaluate the alteration of MNHN specimens, it appeared necessary to compare their composition with that of unaltered shale so as to identify chemical changes occurring during ageing. Therefore new material was collected in the Autun Basin, among others on the locality of Muse that corresponds to the same lithostratigraphic unit than that of the MNHN specimens. The present article focuseson the combined use of X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectrometry for characterizing the speciation and reactivity of iron within the shale matrix. Crystalline pyrite was evidenced by X-ray diffraction (XRD) on one sample only and elemental analysis showed that iron is present in large excess with respect to sulfur. Iron sulfide, if present, involves a minor fraction of iron. A more complete characterization of iron-bearing phases was achieved with Mössbauer measurements, showing that a great part of iron, between approx. 25% and 65%, corresponds to iron(II) incorporated in clay minerals (illite and vermiculite weredetected by XRD). Similar percentages of these iron(II) signatures were found for MNHN specimens and new shale samples, suggesting that iron(II) present in clays is not affected by ageing. This point is complementary highlighted by porosity and permeability measurements showing that the pore size distribution of the samples originating from Muse is mostly unimodal and narrow (average radius below 10 nm). As a result, the shale is poorly permeable to water and almost fully impermeable to oxygen. This might explain the poor reactivity of iron(II) during ageing. Iron(III)-bearing phases were also identified. On new shale samples, they exclusively involve clay minerals. On MNHN specimens, poorly crystallized iron(III) sulfates are additionally observed. The presence of iron(III) oxyhydroxides appeared unlikely. The change of iron speciation provoked by the alteration of the matrix also mainly corresponds to the emergence of more or less crystallized iron(III) sulfates probably formed though iron sulfide oxidation. These phase show ever remain in the inner part of shale and cannot account for the large efflorescence of iron(II) sulfates observed nearby the fossil.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-123706" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">203056906</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">000000040370728X</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200918558M</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05ax2x637</idno>
          <orgName>Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CR2P</orgName>
          <date type="start">2009-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2017-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>8 rue Buffon - CP 38 - 75005 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://paleo.mnhn.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="USM203" active="#struct-7512" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-93591" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7207" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-421776" status="VALID">
          <idno type="RNSR">200918481D</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">05q3pap39</idno>
          <orgName>Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CRC</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle - 36 rue Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire - 75005 Paris - CP21</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://crc.mnhn.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-7512" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300125" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UAR3224 / USR3224" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-439872" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">077087917</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire de recherche des monuments historiques</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LRMH</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>29 Rue de Paris, 77420 Champs-sur-Marne</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.lrmh.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-421776" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-7512" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300125" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UAR3224 / USR3224" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-110346" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">144464284</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">201019146X</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/00acxb050</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">GEC</orgName>
          <date type="start">2010-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2019-10-28</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Université de Cergy-Pontoise 5 mail Gay-Lussac 95031 Cergy-Pontoise</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.u-cergy.fr/fr/laboratoires/laboratoire-gec.html</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="EA4506" active="#struct-533784" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300305" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-531928" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-481" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">151110174</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000087225173</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">199017451S</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01nw6qk38</idno>
          <orgName>Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ICMCB</orgName>
          <date type="start">1995-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2017-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>87 Av du Dr A. Schweitzer 33608 PESSAC CEDEX</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.icmcb-bordeaux.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-259761" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301962" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-341038" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UPR9048" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-7512" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026394944</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03wkt5x30</idno>
          <orgName>Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">MNHN</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>57, rue Cuvier - 75231 Paris Cedex 05</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.mnhn.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-93591" status="OLD">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02en5vm52</idno>
          <orgName>Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UPMC</orgName>
          <date type="end">2017-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>4 place Jussieu - 75005 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.upmc.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-300125" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026437414</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/017rnyz40</idno>
          <orgName>Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">MCC</orgName>
          <date type="start">1997-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2017-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>3, rue de Valois 75001 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regrouplaboratory" xml:id="struct-533784" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">157565696</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">201019170Y</idno>
          <orgName>Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">I-MAT</orgName>
          <date type="start">2010-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2019-10-28</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.u-cergy.fr/fr/laboratoires/federation-i-mat.html</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-300305" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-531928" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300305" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">03463486X</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03vs46t66</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Cergy Pontoise</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UCP</orgName>
          <date type="start">1991-07-22</date>
          <date type="end">2019-10-29</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>33 Boulevard du Port, 95011 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.u-cergy.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-531928" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-531928" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">203111508</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/0033vhx30</idno>
          <orgName>Université Paris-Seine</orgName>
          <date type="start">2015-02-13</date>
          <date type="end">2019-10-29</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>3 avenue Bernard Hirsch, CS 50105, 95021 Cergy-Pontoise</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.universiteparisseine.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-259761" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">175206562</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/057qpr032</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Bordeaux</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UB</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>35, place Pey Berland - 33076 Bordeaux</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.u-bordeaux.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-301962" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/054qv7y42</idno>
          <orgName>Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-341038" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">232435103</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">000000010626358X</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02cte4b68</idno>
          <orgName>Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INC-CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2009-10-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE3 rue Michel-Ange75794 PARIS CEDEX 16 - France</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/inc</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>