China is one of the 12 mega-biodiversity countries in the world. The main ecosystems in China include territorial ecosystems, such as forest, shrub, meadow, steppe, desert, wetland; and major marine ecosystems such as the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea and Kuroshio Basin. China has known 34,984 higher plants, ranking the third in the world. China also has 6,445 vertebrate animal species, accounting for 13.7% of the total in the world. Although great efforts had put into biodiversity conservation, but the status of endangered species is being exacerbated and some ecosystem functions are being constantly degraded In the 2nd version of National biodiversity conservation strategies and action plan of China, 8 basic strategies and 35 priority area were focus of China biodiversity conservation.. So the central government of China put forwards the following biodiversity conservation strategies: (1)Further improve related policies, regulations and systems on biodiversity conservation. (2)Promote mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation into related planning processes. (3)Strengthen capacities for biodiversity conservation.(4)Strengthen in-situ conservation of biodiversity and rationally carry out ex-situ conservation. (5)Promote sustainable development and use of biological resources. (6)Improve benefit sharing of biological and genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge. (7)Improve capacities to cope with new threats and challenges to biodiversity. (8)Raise public awareness and strengthen international cooperation and exchange. 35 priority areas of biodiversity conservation have been identified taking into full consideration various factors such as representativeness, endemism, special ecological functions of various ecosystem types, as well as the richness, level of rarity and endangerment, threats, regional representativeness, economic and scientific values of species, and data availability of species distribution. These priority areas include 32 areas for conservation of terrestrial and inland freshwater biodiversity such as Da Xing’anling Mountain Area, Three Rivers Plain , Qilian Mountain Area and Qinling Mountain Area, and 3 areas for conservation of marine and coastal biodiversity, namely, protected areas in the Yellow Sea, Bo Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea .