Planet Formation Imager (PFI): science vision and key requirements
Stefan Kraus
(1)
,
John D. Monnier
(2)
,
Michael J. Ireland
(3)
,
Gaspard Duchêne
(4, 5)
,
Catherine Espaillat
(6)
,
Sebastian Hönig
(7)
,
Attila Juhasz
(8)
,
Chris Mordasini
(9)
,
Johan Olofsson
(10)
,
Claudia Paladini
(11)
,
Keivan Stassun
(12)
,
Neal Turner
(13)
,
Gautam Vasisht
(13)
,
Tim J. Harries
(1)
,
Matthew R. Bate
(1)
,
Jean-Francois, Gonzalez
(14)
,
Alexis Matter
(15)
,
Zhaohuan Zhu
(16)
,
Olja Panic
(8)
,
Zsolt Regaly
(17)
,
Alessandro, Morbidelli
(15)
,
Farzana Meru
(8)
,
Sebastian Wolf
(18)
,
John Ilee
(8)
,
Jean-Philippe, Berger
(19)
,
Ming Zhao
(20)
,
Quentin Kral
(8)
,
Andreas Morlok
(21)
,
Amy Bonsor
(8)
,
David Ciardi
(22)
,
Stephen R. Kane
(23)
,
Kaitlin Kratter
(24)
,
Greg Laughlin
(25)
,
Joshua Pepper
(26)
,
Sean N. Raymond
(27)
,
Lucas Labadie
(28)
,
Richard P. Nelson
(29)
,
Gerd Weigelt
(30)
,
Theo ten Brummelaar
(31)
,
Arnaud Pierens
(27)
,
Rene Oudmaijer
(32)
,
Wilhelm Kley
(33)
,
Benjamin Pope
(34)
,
Eric L. N. Jensen
(35)
,
Amelia Bayo
(9)
,
Michael Smith
(36)
,
Tabetha Boyajian
(25)
,
Luis Henry Quiroga-Nuñez
(37, 38)
,
Rafael Millan-Gabet
(22)
,
Andrea Chiavassa
(15)
,
Alexandre Gallenne
(39)
,
Mark Reynold
(2)
,
Willem-Jan de Wit
(39)
,
Markus Wittkowski
(19)
,
Florentin Millour
(15)
,
Poshak Gandhi
(7)
,
Cristina Ramos Almeida
(40)
,
Almudena Alonso Herrero
(41, 42)
,
Chris Packham
(43)
,
Makoto Kishimoto
(44)
,
Konrad R. W. Tristram
(39)
,
Joerg-Uwe Pott
(45)
,
Jean Surdej
(46)
,
David Buscher
(8)
,
Chris Haniff
(8)
,
Sylvestre Lacour
(47)
,
Romain, Petrov
(15)
,
Steve Ridgway
(48)
,
Peter Tuthill
(49)
,
Gerard van Belle
(50)
,
Phil Armitage
(51)
,
Clement, Baruteau
(52)
,
Myriam Benisty
(5)
,
Bertram Bitsch
(53)
,
Sijme-Jan Paardekooper
(29)
,
Christophe Pinte
(5)
,
Frederic Masset
(54)
,
Giovanni P. Rosotti
(8)
1
University of Exeter
2 Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan
3 ANU - Australian National University
4 UC Berkeley - University of California [Berkeley]
5 IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
6 BU - Boston University [Boston]
7 University of Southampton
8 Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge]
9 UNIBE - Universität Bern = University of Bern = Université de Berne
10 Instituto de Fisica y Astronomia [Valparaiso]
11 ULB - Université libre de Bruxelles
12 Vanderbilt University [Nashville]
13 JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
14 CRAL - Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon
15 OCA - Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur
16 Princeton University
17 Konkoly Observatory, Research Center for Astronomy and Earth Sciences
18 CAU - Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel = Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel = Université Christian-Albrechts de Kiel
19 ESO - European Southern Observatory
20 Pennsylvania State University, Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics
21 Institut für Planetologie [Münster]
22 NExScI - NASA ExoPlanet Science Institute
23 SFSU - San Francisco State University
24 University of Arizona
25 Yale University [New Haven]
26 Lehigh University [Bethlehem]
27 LAB - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac]
28 Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne
29 QMUL - Queen Mary University of London
30 MPIFR - Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie
31 Georgia State University, Atlanta
32 University of Leeds
33 Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = University of Tübingen
34 University of Oxford
35 Swarthmore College
36 University of Kent
37 Sterrewacht Leiden
38 JIVE - Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC, Dwingeloo
39 ESO - European Southern Observatory [Santiago]
40 IAC - Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias
41 UC / UniCan - Universidad de Cantabria [Santander] = University of Cantabria [Spain] = Université de Cantabrie [Espagne]
42 University of Madrid
43 UTSA - The University of Texas at San Antonio
44 Kyoto Sangyo University
45 MPIA - Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
46 Université de Liège
47 Observatoire de Paris
48 NOAO - National Optical Astronomy Observatory
49 SIfA - Sydney Institute for Astronomy
50 Lowell Observatory [Flagstaff]
51 JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado
52 IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie
53 Lund Observatory
54 UNAM - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico
2 Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan
3 ANU - Australian National University
4 UC Berkeley - University of California [Berkeley]
5 IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
6 BU - Boston University [Boston]
7 University of Southampton
8 Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge]
9 UNIBE - Universität Bern = University of Bern = Université de Berne
10 Instituto de Fisica y Astronomia [Valparaiso]
11 ULB - Université libre de Bruxelles
12 Vanderbilt University [Nashville]
13 JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
14 CRAL - Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon
15 OCA - Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur
16 Princeton University
17 Konkoly Observatory, Research Center for Astronomy and Earth Sciences
18 CAU - Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel = Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel = Université Christian-Albrechts de Kiel
19 ESO - European Southern Observatory
20 Pennsylvania State University, Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics
21 Institut für Planetologie [Münster]
22 NExScI - NASA ExoPlanet Science Institute
23 SFSU - San Francisco State University
24 University of Arizona
25 Yale University [New Haven]
26 Lehigh University [Bethlehem]
27 LAB - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac]
28 Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne
29 QMUL - Queen Mary University of London
30 MPIFR - Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie
31 Georgia State University, Atlanta
32 University of Leeds
33 Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = University of Tübingen
34 University of Oxford
35 Swarthmore College
36 University of Kent
37 Sterrewacht Leiden
38 JIVE - Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC, Dwingeloo
39 ESO - European Southern Observatory [Santiago]
40 IAC - Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias
41 UC / UniCan - Universidad de Cantabria [Santander] = University of Cantabria [Spain] = Université de Cantabrie [Espagne]
42 University of Madrid
43 UTSA - The University of Texas at San Antonio
44 Kyoto Sangyo University
45 MPIA - Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
46 Université de Liège
47 Observatoire de Paris
48 NOAO - National Optical Astronomy Observatory
49 SIfA - Sydney Institute for Astronomy
50 Lowell Observatory [Flagstaff]
51 JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado
52 IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie
53 Lund Observatory
54 UNAM - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico
Jean-Francois, Gonzalez
- Fonction : Auteur
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Alessandro, Morbidelli
- Fonction : Auteur
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Jean-Philippe, Berger
- Fonction : Auteur
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Sean N. Raymond
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Florentin Millour
- Fonction : Auteur
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Sylvestre Lacour
- Fonction : Auteur
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Romain, Petrov
- Fonction : Auteur
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Clement, Baruteau
- Fonction : Auteur
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- ORCID : 0000-0002-2672-3456
- IdRef : 134339118
Résumé
The Planet Formation Imager (PFI) project aims to provide a strong scientific vision for ground-based optical astronomy beyond the upcoming generation of Extremely Large Telescopes. We make the case that a breakthrough in angular resolution imaging capabilities is required in order to unravel the processes involved in planet formation. PFI will be optimised to provide a complete census of the protoplanet population at all stellocentric radii and over the age range from 0.1 to about 100 Myr. Within this age period, planetary systems undergo dramatic changes and the final architecture of planetary systems is determined. Our goal is to study the planetary birth on the natural spatial scale where the material is assembled, which is the "Hill Sphere" of the forming planet, and to characterise the protoplanetary cores by measuring their masses and physical properties. Our science working group has investigated the observational characteristics of these young protoplanets as well as the migration mechanisms that might alter the system architecture. We simulated the imprints that the planets leave in the disk and study how PFI could revolutionise areas ranging from exoplanet to extragalactic science. In this contribution we outline the key science drivers of PFI and discuss the requirements that will guide the technology choices, the site selection, and potential science/technology tradeoffs.