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            <title xml:lang="en">The Electric Vehicle Integration into the Power System: An Application to the Portuguese Case</title>
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              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Ezequiel</forename>
                <surname>Carvalho</surname>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;4th Doctoral Conference on Computing, Electrical and Industrial Systems (DoCEIS)&lt;/i&gt;, Apr 2013, Costa de Caparica, Portugal. pp.395-402, &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37291-9_42"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1007/978-3-642-37291-9_42&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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                <title xml:lang="en">The Electric Vehicle Integration into the Power System: An Application to the Portuguese Case</title>
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                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Ezequiel</forename>
                    <surname>Carvalho</surname>
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                    <surname>Ventim Neves</surname>
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                  <title>4th Doctoral Conference on Computing, Electrical and Industrial Systems (DoCEIS)</title>
                  <date type="start">2013-04-15</date>
                  <date type="end">2013-04-17</date>
                  <settlement>Costa de Caparica</settlement>
                  <country key="PT">Portugal</country>
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                <editor>Luis M. Camarinha-Matos</editor>
                <editor>Slavisa Tomic</editor>
                <editor>Paula Graça</editor>
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                  <publisher>Springer</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="serie">Technological Innovation for the Internet of Things</biblScope>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Economic dispatch</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Wind energy</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Power grids</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Renewable integration</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Electric vehicle</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">CO2 emissions</term>
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              <p>Electric vehicles (EV) offer a great potential to address the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the power grid, and thus reduce the dependence on oil as well as the greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. The high share of wind energy in the Portuguese energy mix expected for 2020 can led to eventual curtailment, especially during the winter when high levels of hydro generation occur. In this paper a methodology based on a unit commitment and economic dispatch is implemented, and a hydro-thermal dispatch is performed in order to evaluate the impact of the EVs integration into the grid. Results show that the considered 10 % penetration of EVs in the Portuguese fleet would increase load in 3 % and would not integrate a significant amount of wind energy because curtailment is already reduced in the absence of EVs. According to the results, the EV is charged mostly with thermal generation and the associated emissions are much higher than if they were calculated based on the generation mix.</p>
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