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              <p>In recent years, the concept of resilience has been introduced in risk analysis and some approaches have been proposed as an alternative (or a complement) to the conventional safetyassessmentfor sociotechnical systems. In that way, Integrated Risk Analysis (IRA) has been developed at EDF to treat different risk causalities linking human, organizational, technical and environmental factors in a unified framework using performance shaping factors (PSF).However, research is still needed to address the issues relating to the modelling of resilience when considering organizational influences on human activities. Thus, this paper aims contributingat the definition and derivation of resilient markers and, consequently, to consider both resilient and pathogenic organizational patterns in a unifiedrisk model.The riskmodel is initially proposed as a fourth generation method of risk analysis based on probabilisticgraphical modellingofcausal mechanisms. The model is proposed forsafety assessment of technical systems integrating human, environmental and organizational factors.Finally, the feasibility of our proposals is shown on an illustrative case of Integrated Risk Analysis (IRA).</p>
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              <p>Au cours des dernières années, le concept de résilience a été introduit dans l'analyse des risques et des approches ont été proposées comme une alternative (ou un complément) à l'évaluation conventionnelle de la sûreté pour les systèmes sociotechniques. Cependant, des travaux de recherche sont encore nécessaires pour modéliser la résilience et la prendre en compte dans l’évaluation des influences organisationnelles sur les activités humaines importantes pour la sûreté. Dans ce contexte, une méthodologie  dite analyse intégrée des risques (AiDR) a été conçue pour évaluer la Sûreté de Fonctionnement de systèmes socio-organisationnels soumis à des risques de natures différentes et impliquant facteurs humains, organisationnels, techniques et environnementaux dans un cadre unifié. Cette méthode requiert des évaluations de barrières humaines prises dans leur contexte organisationnel par l’intermédiaire de facteurs d’influence ou de performance (PSF). Différente de l’Evaluation Probabiliste de la Fiabilité Humaine adoptée pour le post-accidentel nucléaire à EDF,  l’AiDR s’appuie sur les Réseaux Bayésiens (RBs) pour modéliser les relations de causalité non déterministes entre les variables du système. Cet article se base sur une partie des travaux de recherche menés dans le cadre d’une thèse ayant pour objectif l’évaluation probabiliste de l’efficacité des actions humaines dans leur contexte organisationnel. Ainsi, il est ici proposé une approche pour contribuer à la définition de mécanismes résilients et pathogènes, et des marqueurs associés, afin de les introduire dans la modélisation probabiliste causale de l’efficacité d’une barrière humaine. Plus particulièrement, un formalisme est défini pour représenter dans les barrières humaines et organisationnelles de l’AiDR le mécanisme de mitigation des influences pathogènes jusqu’ici  modélisées par des influences résilientes et aboutir à une probabilité d’efficacité d’une action. Enfin, la faisabilité de cette proposition est montrée sur un cas illustratif dans le cadre de l'approche AiDR.</p>
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