Exuberant Youth - the Example of Triumph Ceremonies in Barnacle Geese (branta-Leucopsis)
Résumé
A study of a semi-captive Barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) flock showed clearly that triumph ceremony frequency is related to the age of birds and is highest in young pairs. Females had an active role in that they could encourage or inhibit the male display. Younger females showed more encouraging behaviour than older ones. We argue that triumph ceremonies play a significant part during pair formation and maintenance. Older pairs may need less investment in such displays.