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              <p>This Atlas of top predators from the French Southern Territories in the Southern Indian Ocean is asummary of information on the use of the southern Indian Ocean by 22 seabirds and seals species:king penguin, gentoo penguin, Adelie penguin, eastern rockhopper penguin, northern rockhopperpenguin, macaroni penguin, Amsterdam albatross, wandering albatross, black-browed albatross,Indian yellow-nosed albatross, light-mantled albatross, sooty albatross, southern giant petrel,northern giant petrel, southern fulmar, Cape petrel, snow petrel, white-chinned petrel, grey petrel,brown skua, southern elephant seal and Antarctic fur seal.The distribution map of each species was obtained by the use of tracking methods that allowidentifying important areas in the southern Indian Ocean. The determination of zones of high speciesrichness suggests several important areas for top predators. First the breeding colonies andsurrounding zones: Amsterdam and Saint Paul Islands, Marion and Prince Edward islands and the DelCano Rise, Crozet Islands, Kerguelen Plateau and East Antarctica (Adlie Land sector). Second, theupwelling-current zones: Benguela and Agulhas Currents Systems and third several the oceanic zones:the Southwest Indian Ridge (East Bouvetya and the North Subtropical Front), the Mid-Indian Ridge(North of Kerguelen and the Eastern Indian Ocean, the Southeast Indian Ridge (Great Australian Bightand Tasmania, Ob and Lena Banks, and East Antarctica (Prydz Bay - Queen Maud Land sectors, AdlieLand sector).The analysis of distribution indicates that some pelagic species have a much wider foraging rangeoutside the breeding season than during the breeding season (some disperse over very large areas,i.e. wandering albatross). This highlights the urgent need to strengthen collaborations, namelybetween conservation and management organisms such as CCAMLR and the fisheries organisations(RFMOs), to ensure the protection of these species and the conservation of the ecosystem that willalso be beneficial for many other species.In conclusion, although this inventory of areas of key importance is preliminary because of the lackof data on several keystone species such as burrowing petrels which could not be studied in thiswork, the results presented here show an unprecedented improvement in the identification ofpriority areas within the Southern Indian Ocean, which should be the primary targets of site-basedconservation efforts in the near future. The Southern Indian Ocean is not pristine. The most seriousthreats are linked to industrial fishing activities, including fishery discards, bycatch of seabirds andmarine mammals, as well as, in a lesser extent, degradation of marine environments through globaland local pollution. On land, alien introductions and diseases are now the main threats. Despitemuch improvement in the conservation measures taken by several fisheries, especially in thesouthern part of the Indian Ocean, fisheries continue to exert an important negative influence onseveral seabirds, especially on the high seas. However climate change is now increasingly consideredto have a negative impact on seabirds at some Antarctic and sub-Antarctic localities.The long-term monitoring programs on seabirds and seals are funded by the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV: programs n 109 ORNITHOECO: Oiseaux et mammifres marins sentinellesdes changements globaux dans locan Austral, resp. H Weimerskirch; and n394 OISEAUXPLONGEURS: Stratgie nergtique des prdateurs marins et variabilit physique et trophique delocan Austral: tude en mer, resp : C-A Bost).The Atlas work was supported by the French Southern Territories (TAAF), the French MarineProtected Areas Agency through the program of bio-regionalisation en vue de ltablissement dunrseau daires marines protges dans locan Austral, les Kerguelen, Crozet, mer Dumont dUrville.</p>
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              <p>This Atlas of top predators from the French Southern Territories in the Southern Indian Ocean is asummary of information on the use of the southern Indian Ocean by 22 seabirds and seals species:king penguin, gentoo penguin, Adlie penguin, eastern rockhopper penguin, northern rockhopperpenguin, macaroni penguin, Amsterdam albatross, wandering albatross, black-browed albatross,Indian yellow-nosed albatross, light-mantled albatross, sooty albatross, southern giant petrel,northern giant petrel, southern fulmar, Cape petrel, snow petrel, white-chinned petrel, grey petrel,brown skua, southern elephant seal and Antarctic fur seal.The distribution map of each species was obtained by the use of tracking methods that allowidentifying important areas in the southern Indian Ocean. The determination of zones of high speciesrichness suggests several important areas for top predators. First the breeding colonies andsurrounding zones: Amsterdam and Saint Paul Islands, Marion and Prince Edward islands and the DelCano Rise, Crozet Islands, Kerguelen Plateau and East Antarctica (Adlie Land sector). Second, theupwelling-current zones: Benguela and Agulhas Currents Systems and third several the oceanic zones:the Southwest Indian Ridge (East Bouvetya and the North Subtropical Front), the Mid-Indian Ridge(North of Kerguelen and the Eastern Indian Ocean, the Southeast Indian Ridge (Great Australian Bightand Tasmania, Ob and Lena Banks, and East Antarctica (Prydz Bay - Queen Maud Land sectors, AdlieLand sector).The analysis of distribution indicates that some pelagic species have a much wider foraging rangeoutside the breeding season than during the breeding season (some disperse over very large areas,i.e. wandering albatross). This highlights the urgent need to strengthen collaborations, namelybetween conservation and management organisms such as CCAMLR and the fisheries organisations(RFMOs), to ensure the protection of these species and the conservation of the ecosystem that willalso be beneficial for many other species.In conclusion, although this inventory of areas of key importance is preliminary because of the lackof data on several keystone species such as burrowing petrels which could not be studied in thiswork, the results presented here show an unprecedented improvement in the identification ofpriority areas within the Southern Indian Ocean, which should be the primary targets of site-basedconservation efforts in the near future. The Southern Indian Ocean is not pristine. The most seriousthreats are linked to industrial fishing activities, including fishery discards, bycatch of seabirds andmarine mammals, as well as, in a lesser extent, degradation of marine environments through globaland local pollution. On land, alien introductions and diseases are now the main threats. Despitemuch improvement in the conservation measures taken by several fisheries, especially in thesouthern part of the Indian Ocean, fisheries continue to exert an important negative influence onseveral seabirds, especially on the high seas. However climate change is now increasingly consideredto have a negative impact on seabirds at some Antarctic and sub-Antarctic localities.The long-term monitoring programs on seabirds and seals are funded by the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV: programs n 109 ORNITHOECO: Oiseaux et mammifres marins sentinellesdes changements globaux dans locan Austral, resp. H Weimerskirch; and n394 OISEAUXPLONGEURS: Stratgie nergtique des prdateurs marins et variabilit physique et trophique delocan Austral: tude en mer, resp : C-A Bost).The Atlas work was supported by the French Southern Territories (TAAF), the French MarineProtected Areas Agency through the program of bio-rgionalisation en vue de ltablissement dunrseau daires marines protges dans locan Austral, les Kerguelen, Crozet, mer Dumont dUrville.</p>
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