<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-01297958</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-03T11:14:17+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Improved Handwriting Recognition by Combining Two Forms of Hidden Markov Models and a Recurrent Neural Network</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Volkmar</forename>
                <surname>Frinken</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">1015932-0</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Tim</forename>
                <surname>Peter</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">1015933-0</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Andreas</forename>
                <surname>Fischer</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">396188-0</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Horst</forename>
                <surname>Bunke</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">174128-0</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Trinh Minh Tri</forename>
                <surname>Do</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">468944-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-396897"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Thierry</forename>
                <surname>Artières</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">b4c9d6585a52a56f6572d06eb54b8f23</email>
              <email type="domain">lif.univ-mrs.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">thierry-artieres</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">5016</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1776-5016</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3696-0321</idno>
              <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=p0-_w_AAAAAJ&amp;hl=fr</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/144311992</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-396897"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Lip6</forename>
                <surname>Publications</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">48f930374cf1d03f2eafeaae16bb5814</email>
              <email type="domain">lip6.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2016-04-05 11:00:17</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2023-04-11 15:16:28</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2016-04-05 11:00:17</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2009-09</date>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/HCB-W8RQ206S-M/fulltext.pdf?sid=hal"/>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="196566">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Lip6</forename>
                  <surname>Publications</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">48f930374cf1d03f2eafeaae16bb5814</email>
                <email type="domain">lip6.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-01297958</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-01297958</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">frinken:hal-01297958</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns (CAIP)&lt;/i&gt;, Sep 2009, Münster, Germany. pp.189-196, &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03767-2_23"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1007/978-3-642-03767-2_23&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns (CAIP), Sep 2009, Münster, Germany. pp.189-196, &amp;#x27E8;10.1007/978-3-642-03767-2_23&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted"/>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UPMC" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Université Pierre et Marie Curie</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LIP6" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UPMC_POLE_1" corresp="UPMC">UPMC Pôle 1</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-SCIENCES" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Faculté des Sciences de Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ALLIANCE-SU"> Alliance Sorbonne Université</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="invited" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
            <note type="proceedings" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Improved Handwriting Recognition by Combining Two Forms of Hidden Markov Models and a Recurrent Neural Network</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Volkmar</forename>
                    <surname>Frinken</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">1015932-0</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Tim</forename>
                    <surname>Peter</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">1015933-0</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Andreas</forename>
                    <surname>Fischer</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">396188-0</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Horst</forename>
                    <surname>Bunke</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">174128-0</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Trinh Minh Tri</forename>
                    <surname>Do</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">468944-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-396897"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Thierry</forename>
                    <surname>Artières</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">b4c9d6585a52a56f6572d06eb54b8f23</email>
                  <email type="domain">lif.univ-mrs.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">thierry-artieres</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">5016</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1776-5016</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3696-0321</idno>
                  <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=p0-_w_AAAAAJ&amp;hl=fr</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/144311992</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-396897"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <title level="m">International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns (CAIP)</title>
                <meeting>
                  <title>International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns (CAIP)</title>
                  <date type="start">2009-09</date>
                  <settlement>Münster</settlement>
                  <country key="DE">Germany</country>
                </meeting>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Springer</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="serie">Lecture Notes in Computer Science</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">5702</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">189-196</biblScope>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1007/978-3-642-03767-2_23</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="info">Computer Science [cs]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="COMM">Conference papers</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="COMM">Conference papers</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="COMM">Conference papers</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>Handwritten word recognition has received a substantial amount of attention in the past. Neural Networks as well as discriminatively trained Maximum Margin Hidden Markov Models have emerged as cutting-edge alternatives to the commonly used Hidden Markov Models. In this paper, we analyze the combination of these classifiers with respect to their potential for improving recognition performance. It is shown that a significant improvement can in fact be achieved, although the individual recognizers are highly optimized state-of-the-art systems. Also, it is demonstrated that the diversity of the recognizers has a profound impact on the improvement that can be achieved by the combination.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-396897" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Machine Learning and Information Retrieval</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">MALIRE</orgName>
          <date type="start">2004-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2012-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-233" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-93591" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR7606" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-233" status="OLD">
          <idno type="RNSR">199712651U</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05krcen59</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LIP6</orgName>
          <date type="start">1997-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2017-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>4 Place JUSSIEU 75252 PARIS CEDEX 05</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.lip6.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-93591" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7606" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-93591" status="OLD">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02en5vm52</idno>
          <orgName>Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UPMC</orgName>
          <date type="end">2017-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>4 place Jussieu - 75005 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.upmc.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>