To what extent the distinction between the natural and the artificial can be considered as a popular prejudice, generating technophobia? Is the ancient divide between phusis and technê an obsolete category? The expression of the metaphysical views of a prescientific and pre-modern era that no longer makes sense in the twenty-first century when our environment, our bodies, our lifestyles are saturated with technology? In briefly sketching the cultural roots of the distinction between nature and artefact, this paper emphasizes its relativity. Then it proceeds to argue that the notions of nature and artefact are interdependent and continuously reconfigured on the basis of a few historical examples. However, emphasizing the cultural and historical relativity of the notions of nature and artefact does not entail that they are meaningless. Despite its weakness from a rational point of view, this dichotomy has a normative power and plays a key role in the social acceptance of new technologies.