The presentation will report on the result of a study conducted in the framework of the project “Quartier Numérique” (Digital Neighborhood), which aimed at running a Living Lab experiment in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris (www.quartiernumerique.org). The project's objective was to provide the neighborhood with on the one hand free wireless communication means and on the other hand innovative mobile services accessible through the Internet or mobile phone. One of the expected elements of the whole infrastructure was the creation of a WiFi community in the population, through the distribution of 3,000 Wifi routers (foneras, www.fon.com), to serve as open hotspots in the neighborhood. We studied this population of “foneros”, in order to analyze their modes of appropriation - or non appropriation - of the device and the project as a whole, and to compare their behaviors and usages with respect to the project partners and sponsors expectations and representations, especially those of infrastructure, product and service providers. Our main research questions were to understand under which conditions and to which extent the availability of innovative infrastructure, products and services could allow to reinforce or create new forms of social relationships in the local urban context, as expected by the project partners and sponsors (local authorities). Furthermore, we aimed at identifying the role and status - expected as well as actual - of users in the framework of such Living Labs projects. Are they actors, contributors or consumers of the project? In the end, who's experimenting what on whom, in this kind of projects? In terms of methodology, we used different methods, mixing quantitative analysis through the use of questionnaires, with ethnographical observations and some qualitative interviews. The study and analysis of the actual usages and perception from the population, observed from 2007 to end 2009, highlight the contradictions between the project partners and sponsors discourses on the one hand, and the actual activity of providing products and services which have proven inconsistent with the stated objectives. Elaborating on these findings, the presentation will question the development of Living Labs as a mean for enabling digital social innovation in urban territories.