A morphostructural analysis of a Pliocene flood basalt formation in the southern Neuquén basin (40°S) shows evidence of contractional deformation less than 3.5Ma ago. This formation exhibits a general dip towards the south-east, with relict outcrops located 100m higher than the main source volcano, which suggests a local tilting of the lava flow. This tilt has been brought about by Plio-Quaternary reactivation of the eastern border of the Sañico Massif along two thrusts that offset the lava flow. Another long-wavelength bulge in the southern part of the lava flow unit indicates a possible Pliocene uplift of the North Patagonian Massif. These results provide new evidence of continuing shortening in the Neuquén basin during the Plio-Quaternary, challenging thehypothesis that an extensional regime has existed since the end of the Miocene in this basin.