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              <p>Cattle commonly raised in Thailand have characteristics of [i]Bos indicus[/i] (zebu). We do not know when or how cattle domestication in Thailand occurred, and so questions remain regarding their origins and relationships to other breeds. We obtained genome-wide SNP genotypic data of 28 bovine individuals sampled from four regions: North (Kho-Khaolampoon), Northeast (Kho-Isaan), Central (Kho-Lan) and South (Kho-Chon) Thailand. These regional varieties have distinctive traits suggestive of breed-like genetic variations. From these data, we confirmed that all four Thai varieties are [i]Bos indicus[/i] and that they are distinct from other indicine breeds. Among these Thai cattle, a distinctive ancestry pattern is apparent, which is the purest within Kho-Chon individuals. This ancestral component is only present outside of Thailand among other indicine breeds in Southeast Asia. From this pattern, we conclude that a unique [i]Bos indicus[/i] ancestor originated in Southeast Asia, and native Kho-Chon Thai cattle retain the signal of this ancestry with limited admixture of other bovine ancestors.</p>
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          <orgName>Université de Montpellier</orgName>
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              <addrLine>163 rue Auguste Broussonnet - 34090 Montpellier</addrLine>
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          <orgName>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement</orgName>
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              <addrLine>911 avenue Agropolis,BP 6450134394 Montpellier cedex 5</addrLine>
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          <orgName>Khon Kaen University [Thailand]</orgName>
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            <address>
              <addrLine>Nong Khai Campus, 112 M. 7 A., Muang Nong Khai 43000 Thailand</addrLine>
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        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-303866" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Mahidol University [Bangkok]</orgName>
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            <address>
              <addrLine>999 Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand</addrLine>
              <country key="TH"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://mahidol.ac.th/</ref>
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