In this paper, a model of one-directional propagation of three-component seismic waves in a nonlinear multilayered soil profile is coupled with a multi-story multi-span frame model to consider, in a simple way, the soil-structure interaction modelled in a finite element scheme. Modeling the three-component wave propagation enables the effects of a soil multiaxial stress state to be taken into account. These reduce soil strength and increase nonlinear effects, compared with the axial stress state. The simultaneous propagation of three components allows the prediction of the incident direction of seismic loading at the ground surface and the analysis of the behavior of a frame structure shaken by a three-component earthquake. A parametric study is carried out to characterize the changes in the ground motion due to dynamic features of the structure, for different incident wavefield properties and soil nonlinear effects. A seismic response depending on parameters such as the frequency content of soil and structure and the polarization of seismic waves is observed.