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              <p>As DNA sequencing throughputs increase and genomics becomes commonplace, more and more animal species are studied. Thus, the duck genome sequence was published recently. However, although this is an important step and will drastically increase our knowledge on the biology of this species, complementary projects are needed. Some have been initiated, amongst which SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) detection for population studies and management, radiation hybrid maps for ordering the sequence along chromosomes, genetic maps for QTL (Quantitative Trait Locus) detection and transcript sequencing for structural and functional annotation. The first QTL detection for traits influencing the performances of the mule duck, performed using microsatellite markers in the common duck, will be completed by a second study using specifically designed SNP, allowing for an improved coverage of the genome. Transcript and protein models constructed from the sequences will facilitate proteomics and transcriptomics studies. The mule duck, the product of a cross between the common duck and the Muscovy duck, has an important agronomic interest for the foie gras industry and will also have to be studied.</p>
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              <p>La démocratisation des outils de la génomique et plus particulièrement du séquençage à haut débit a permis le séquençage du génome du canard commun. Des projets complémentaires sont déjà initiés pour prolonger et exploiter au mieux ces premiers acquis. En tout premier lieu, il s’agit de poursuivre la description de la structure du génome et d’en exploiter les connaissances : cartes d’hybrides irradiés pour ordonner la séquence le long des chromosomes ; génomique comparée avec le génome de la poule pour bénéficier des connaissances sur ce génome modèle ; recherche de SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) pour les études et la gestion de populations ; carte génétique pour la détection des QTL (Quantitative Trait Locus). La première détection de QTL influençant les performances du mulard, réalisée à l’aide de marqueurs microsatellites chez la cane commune, sera complétée par une seconde étude utilisant des marqueurs SNP développés spécifiquement et permettant une bien meilleure couverture du génome. Par ailleurs, il est important de réaliser une annotation fonctionnelle du génome, ce qui peut être abordé par le séquençage de transcrits. A terme, le génome annoté sera utilisé pour analyser son expression dans différents tissus et/ou conditions d’élevage, la connaissance des modèles de transcrits et de protéines facilitant les études en transcriptomique et protéomique. Le canard mulard,  produit du croisement de la cane commune avec le canard de Barbarie, devra également être étudié en raison de son intérêt agronomique, lié à ses performances exceptionnelles dans la filière des palmipèdes gras.</p>
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